The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart.

William Ewart

Date:: 1889

Credit: The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$The Apical Sterno-clavicular contributes its descending deep Apical pulmonary branch before bifurcating. Both its branches of bifurcation are clavicular mainly horizontal. The outer, a Superficial Clavicular Branch, is of A[^;|/' small importance. clavicular ( vi j The Apical Sterno-clavicular Branch, bending inwards at a assaia). right angle, divides into two large T-shaped bronchi respectively directed inward towards the anterior surface and towards the internal surface of the apex. habuched The Anterior Inner Apical follows a serpentine course upwards, £^L. where its termination does not reach the highest level. (See fig. 10, Anterior Fi in ••• s T-shaped IV and I 11].) branch Its Anterior Clavicular Branch is given at the same level as that (V11i.\ . 0 assaua). from the sterno-clavicular (see fig. 10. square F iv), horizontally forwards. Anterior It is more important than the inner clavicular, and comes into contact j-^6™^) below with the extremity of the ascending mid-pectoral trunk (the latter Anterior v clavicular tube has been interrupted in fig. 10, near the right upper corner of branch (vij. square F v). The descending deep intra-pulmonary is given off from this assaaa> branch. The continuation of the trunk supplies deep intra-pulmonary branchlets, Outer ter- and one larger ascending, posterior, intra-pulmonary and finally divides into asaaasej an inner larger and taller, and a smaller outer terminal branch for the supply JH^ of the anterior apical surface, just below the higher distribution of the vertical assaasi). apical and of the central apical bronchi. These two terminal tubes are seen in fig. 10, square Fiij, the inner branch ending on line ij, the outer branch in the middle of the square. Posterior Ascending Apical Distribution. The Posterior Ascending Apical supplies the anterior part of Posterior the inner surface of the lower apex, and the inner fourth or third of the apical true summit of the lung. Part of this distribution is shown, in fig. 10, (v.asss). occupying a posterior plane, at the boundary between squares E iij, E iv, and F iij, F iv. Its direction is almost vertically upwards, and its length Aortic about 8 mm. It differs from the right trunk bearing the same name, in not (vjVasssi). being in any sense dorsal, and in dividing, not into an anterior and a ^Ycai™1 posterior, but into inner and outer branches, which may be described as aortic (vb assss). apical and as vertical apical bronchi, respectively. The Vertical Apical resembles closely the axial apical of the right losing apex, but lies nearer the internal surface. It is a long thin branch supplying Sawshfvrj! upward branches at- acute angles. Its first bifurcation yields posteriorly a y?^'!?i rising intra-apical branch. Its second bifurcation supplies to the mesial apical (vij. surface of the apex two trunks known as 'posterior and as anterior vertical asSf,Sh-)' apical bronchi, which diverge but slightly at first. The vertical apical and its two branches are shown in fig. 10, chiefly in square Fiij, close, and almost parallel, to line F.$