The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart.

William Ewart

Date:: 1889

Credit: The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$the apex. These arch in bold curves respectively outwards and inwards, and thus assume a distant resemblance to the lateral leaves of a palm-tree. (See fig. I o, square F ij ; the distribution is best shown however in the posterior view, fig. II.) The Posterior Axillary, in its undivided portion, has a length of i - 3 Posterior cm. In the apparent trifurcation of the axillary-apical stem (seen in square (vj.asess). F v of fig. I o), it lies slightly behind the two other trunks which, viewed from the front, appear to arise at the same horizontal level with it. Its first bifurcation supplies the strictly vertical posterior apical, a trunk 8 mm. in length; and the mid-apical, I'2 cm. long, which continues the original direction with slightly increased outward bias. Inner postr. The Posterior Apical, overlapped in fig. i o by the mid-apical and its asesss)^' bifurcation in the lower and outer corner of F iij, divides into an inner, and apica^°i^' into an outer posterior apical trunk. asesse). The Inner Posterior Apical continues the vertical direction as far inner postr. as its final bifurcation, 2j cm. above its origin, into an inward arching and an afessss)?13' outward arching branch. Its most important branch is given early, straight inwards, facing at a distance the trachea, and crossing horizontally, at a high level, the direction of the left pulmonary arch. The distribution in question has the usual flattened J shape ; the bronchus may be designated as the Posterior Apical Aortic Recurrent, in association with the aortic Posterior apical recurrent described above. It is well shown in column 0 of fig. 11, aortic re- coinciding with line ij. Two ascending deep intra-pulmonary branches arise (™ut also from the trunk; of these the posterior is the more important. asesssi). , Of the two terminal arching branches, the inner bifurcates into an luner tor- anterior and a posterior division, which respectively supply the posterior sessssi>' part of the inner superior margin, and the inner posterior angle of the apex ^^[(bT (fig. II, column C, line j). asesssse). The outer branch arches outwards (column ]>, line j) to the inner posterior half of the summit. The Outer Posterior Apical has a posterior as well as an outward Outerpostr ascending tendency. It remains posterior to the outer branch of the mid- asesses)^ apical stem; and not reaching as high as the summit, it is overtopped by \ branches from that bronchus. At the same level as its twin-tube it vields a T-shaped , _ J postr. mar- Y-shaped posterior marginal bronchus, of which the descending branch assists ginal (viij. in forming the posterior edge of the inferior lobe (fig. I i, line C). asessep). After a further course of i cm. the trunk divides into an ascending poTterior6*' outer posterior apical and a horizontal outer posterior apical, which are apical ^ . M t x J- ' asessess). distributed to corresponding regions. Horizontal outer postr. apical (ix. The Mid-apical Stem is of much more important size than its asfssese)- fellow. Its two arching branches, the inner mid-apical and the outer m id- trunkPlCa apical (ending in columns B and C of fig. 11 above line j), span the entire ^ asese^$