The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart.

William Ewart

Date:: 1889

Credit: The bronchi and pulmonary blood-vessels : their anatomy and nomenclature with a criticism of Professor Aeby's view on the bronchial tree of mammalia and of man / by William Ewart. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$Distribution of the Left Outer Pectoral Trunk. The Outer Pectoral Trunk, immediately before dividing, yields an Outer pec- upward branch, the Ascending Mid-pectoral Bronchus which, after (v.aaaae)Dk bending horizontally forwards, again assumes a rising tendency. This is the A?ceudmg o > _ J > s o j mia-pec- only derivative from the left pectoral stem which rises above the boundary of toral (v. the broad horizontal infra-apical inter-bronchial sulcus. It may serve as a ''j.'^' landmark dividing this space into an inner and an outer half. The ascending outer pec- mid-pectoral distributes three small deep intra-pulmonary branches, and ends aaaee> with an upward and a downward fork. toraiP(vj The bifurcation of the outer pectoral gives rise to the micl-pcctoral and to aaaea). the horizontal outer pectoral trunk. Both move outwards ultimately, but this j^g™^] movement is preceded, in the case of the Mid-pectoral Bronchus, by an mid-pec- initial forward course of 2 cm. which terminates with its bifurcation; at aaaead). ' ) this point its inner division continues the forward direction, whilst the outer ^^fiCc.lal division carries out the outward bend just begun by the common trunk. toral (vij. Immediately, or soon after its origin, the mid-pectoral bronchus sends a Sl1perfijial \ Descending Central Bronchus into the central root-space. This bronchus mid-Pec-. faces from above, the cardiac trunk. The other branch of bifurcation is the aaaeaaa i.'1 Superficial Mid-pectoral which divides at the surface into an upper and ou'i'.' i 'j a lower forking branch supplying the outer portion of the mid-pectoral terlobar) o i i j o l 1 pectoral region. The latter, or Inferior Outer Interlobar Pectoral possesses (vitj. slight inclination downwards as well as a main outward tendency, which is ''•'••;,,u •'• ° •> 1 Horizontal \ soon interrupted by the pulmonary fissure. It aerates the interlobar sub- outer pec- pleural tissue near the anterior surface, at the level of the third interspace aaaeee)/1' between the ribs. SdS* The Horizontal Outer Pectoral is sufficiently localized by its name, toral inter It is mainly concerned with the anterior surface, but its early branch, the stout aaaeep).'' J Posterior Mid-pectoral Interlobar, proceeds horizontally backwards to Upper . . . . . outer m- the interlobar surface, where it faces with its T-shaped bifurcation the posterior terlobar horizontal distribution. The horizontal outer pectoral divides into the (viij.d Upper Outer Interlobar Pectoral supplying the interlobar tissue close '^Jj'J'f^ \ to the outer fringe of the upper lobe and the Middle Interlobar Outer outer in- Pectoral, similarly distributed at a slightly lower level. The inferior pectoral interlobar outer pectoral, derived from the mid-pectoral has already been a™^,ee-, described. These three bronchi and their lobules form the outer edge of the upper lobe in the pectoral zone. Distribution of the Left Sterno -pectoral Trunk. The Sterno-pectoral Stem, like a semi-flexed left elbow, bends hori- stei-no-pec- zontally inwards, so as almost to reach the pericardial surface. Its straight (\y ^A™ horizontal portion is continued forwards as Inner Mid-pectoral, a short$