Blood groups in man / R.R. Race and Ruth Sanger.

  • R.R. Race
Date:
1975
Catalogue details

Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Credit: Blood groups in man / R.R. Race and Ruth Sanger. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    26 CHAPTER 2 Straight agglutination methods without the need of fixation-elution tests: the reactions with anti-A+B sera are stronger than with anti-A or anti-B. The essential phenotypic difference between Ац and Вь (row II) and the variously termed samples of row III is that row II are non-secretors and row III are secretors (having normal amounts of A, В or H substances). Hrubisko and his colleagues^®^ in reporting the investigation of a large inbred Czechoslovak family with antigens suppressed in red cells but not in saliva (our row III) suggested that Онщ» Од® was a more appropriate notation than the O^, A^ etc. which had previously been used. With this we agree and shall, with apologies, sometimes translate in quoting the work of others. Bhatia^'^^-^''^^'^®^ tested samples from three of the earlier families^^^-^^^'^^^ of rows II and III and showed a small amount of H to be present on their red cells. Sringarm, Chupungart and Giles^^® noted that Одт (row III) cells although H negative as judged by Ulex did react with some anti-H from people, and we also had noticed that some of these human anti-H sera reacted with A^ and O^m People in row I and row II have anti-H in their serum : those in row III are often reported as having anti-H, usually it is said to be rather weak and there is seldom mention of inhibition checks on the antibody. Sringarm and her colleagues^^® report that the apparent anti-H in their family was not inhibited by О secretor saliva and was therefore probably anti-HI ; and we also found the apparent anti-H in three more row III propositi was not inhibited by secretor saliva. We guess that the row III antibody never is anti-H but is the sometime 'anti-0' now called anti- HI. Several genetical theories have been suggested for the background of these near-Bombay phenotypes of rows II and III. For row II type a third allele at the Hh locus is proposed^^^' 342.552,553^ which produces only a limited amount of H substance which becomes completely converted into a small amount of A or В. For row III type, with their normal salivary antigens, a different locus, sometimes called Zz, is proposed^^^'^^^'^^®'®^®'^^^ which controls the synthesis of red cell antigens only : row III people being zz. Yamaguchi et consider Z (which they call Es) to be a regulator gene con¬ trolling 'the expression of the //gene at sites of biosynthesis of the secreted glyco¬ proteins'—a regulator opposite in its effects to the regulator secretor gene Se. We would like to put forward a more economical suggestion that row II and row III have the same genetical background, say zz, which allows H etc. in saliva but no H in the red cells, and that row II people are zz, sese and row III zz. Se. Incidentally this fits well the observation made by one of us^'^^ some years ago that anti-H is made by non-secretors and 'anti-0' (anti-HI) by secretors. We can find nothing in the pubHshed famihes to contradict this suggestion. If it is correct, and if the Zz locus is not very closely linked to the secretor locus, one could expect to find row II and row III people in the same sibship. Indeed, in the remarkable family of Hrubisko et one sib secretes only traces of H and В (? row П) while the propositus and two other sibs secrete plenty (row III). Available details
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