Therapeutics, materia medica and pharmacy : the special therapeutics of diseases and symptoms, the physiological and therapeutical actions of drugs, the modern materia medica, official and practical pharmacy, prescription writing, and antidotal and antagonistic treatment of poisoning / by Sam'l O.L. Potter.

  • Samuel Otway Lewis Potter
Date:
[1931], ©1931
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Therapeutics, materia medica and pharmacy : the special therapeutics of diseases and symptoms, the physiological and therapeutical actions of drugs, the modern materia medica, official and practical pharmacy, prescription writing, and antidotal and antagonistic treatment of poisoning / by Sam'l O.L. Potter. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    3° (1) Simple Diaphoretics, which enter the circulation and are eliminated by the sudor¬ iferous glands, which they stimulate to increased action. (2) Nauseating Diaphoretics, which produce relaxation and dilatation of the superficial capillaries. (3) Refrigerant Diaphoretics, which reduce the circulation, at the same time acting directly on the sweat-centres in the spinal cord and medulla. The principal diaphoretics are the following-named: Aconite. Veratrum. Tobacco. Lobelia. Alcohol. Ether. Nitrous Ether. Salicylates. Pilocarpus. Pilocarpine. Ipecacuanha. Opium (large doses). Dover’s Powder. Tartar Emetic. Sulphur. Camphor. Cocaine. Ammonium Acetate. Ammonium Citrate. Potassium Salts. Mezereon. Sarsaparilla. Guaiacum. Serpentaria. Sassafras. Senega. Vapor Bath. Turkish Bath. Wet Pack. Warm Drinks. Diluents (diluo, I dilute),—are indifferent substances which, after their absorption, dilute the excretory fluids and enable the latter to hold more solid material in suspension. Water is the one true diluent, whatever form it may be disguised in, as teas, weak fluid foods, acid drinks, etc. Discutients or Sorbefacients or Resolvents (discutio, I dissipate; sorbere, to suck; resolvo, I unbind),—are agents which promote absorption, and may be divided into two classes; (1) those which stimulate the lymphatics to the removal of morbid or inflammatory deposits, (2) those which promote the imbibition of nutritive or medicinal material into the system. [Compare Alteratives.] These agents include the following-named:— Arsenic. Mercury. Iodine. Iodides. Cadmium. Ichthyol. Lanolin. Oleic Acid. Cacao Butter. Massage. Vapor Bath. Hot Water Bath. Poultices. Counterirritation. Galvanism. Lanolin and Oleic Acid have remarkable power of penetration through the skin and are used as excipients for drugs which are to be administered by cutaneous absorption. Cacao Butter possesses the same penetrative property, and is usually employed in making medicated suppositories. Disinfectants, see Antiseptics. Diuretics (5id, through; ovpeiv, to urinate).—are agents which promote the secretion of urine, either by raising the local or general blood-pressure and so increasing the renal circulation, by stimulating the secreting cells or nerves of the kidneys, or by flushing the kidneys with water. Diuretics may be classified according to their physiological action or according to the different purposes for which they are employed. Refrigerant Diuretics, especially the salines, excite the renal epithelium, induce a hyperemic condition of the kidneys and increase the water of the urine. They possess a sedative action upon the heart and the general circulation, but used to excess they depress the heart and impoverish the blood. Potassium Chlorate is a decided renal irritant, and should never be used as a diuretic. Hydragogue Diuretics