A surgeon performing an amputation of the leg in the seventeenth century. Oil painting, 18-- (?).

The people are wearing early 17th-century costume. The patient is lying down, as in surgery of the anaesthetic era (post-1846), showing that this is a late 19th-century idea of what a surgical operation might have been like in the early 17th century. The man on the left is in the position adopted later by anaesthetists