Volume 1
A compendium of human & comparative pathological anatomy / By Adolph Wilhelm Otto. Translated from the German with additional notes and references, by John F. South.
- Adolph Wilhelm Otto
- Date:
- 1831
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A compendium of human & comparative pathological anatomy / By Adolph Wilhelm Otto. Translated from the German with additional notes and references, by John F. South. Source: Wellcome Collection.
457/474 page 443
![Lobstein De nervi sympathetici hum. fabrica et usu, p. 53, 4to. Argentor. 1823. However, also in cyclops with tolerably well-formed eye no optic nerve has been found, viz. Mery in Mém. de P Acad. des Sc. 1709. p. 18.—Riviera in Brugnatelli’ s Giorn. d. med. Pavia, 1795, Vol. I. p.225. Even Magendie is said to have missed it, although the retina existed; one might doubt, that in these cases the nerve was very thin, and being torn through was overlooked: the absence of the optic nerve in one kind of cyclops is certain, it is described by Ehrmann, v. Répert. gén. d’Anatom. et de Phys. pathol. Vol. IV. Part I. p. 6. (9) Raudoiphi. (10) There are, indeed, sometimes two optic nerves from the brain, which pass unnaturally close to each other, without decussating, to the great eye-ball, which they enter on either side, or they both unite in front in one common nerve for the single eye; or, but one nerve arises from the brain, and divides itself ante- riorly into two branches for the two eye-balls lying in a single orbit, as Rudolphi saw in two cyclopic pigs. v. Ruben, Descriptio anatomica capitis foetus equini cyclopici, p. 12, 4to. Berol. 1824, and Meckel, in one cyclopic sheep and two cyclopic pigs. v. Archiv fiir Anatomie und Physiologie, 1826, No. II. p- 247 and 248; or, and which is most commonly the case, there is only a single optic nerve from the brain, which, however, is very large at the hinder part, but passes singly to the brain. I found the latter the case in all the instances which have come under my observation, and only in No. 2344 was the optic nerve double at its origin. See, on the formation of the optic nerve in cyclops, Tiedemann, Meckel, and J. Muller, Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtssinnes, p. 160. Leipz. 1826. (11) Compare the cases quoted above at note 5.—In that of Ekrmann’s, the third pair of nerves was, however, said to be present. I could not find the fourth pair in a cyclopic pig, No. 2346, which had all the other nerves except the olfactory; in a human cyclopic monster the fourth pair was deficient, and the sixth did not reach the orbit, but was connected merely with the sympathetic nerve. v. Eller and Roloff, in Hist. de |’ Acad. des Sc. de Berlin, p. 112. 1754. (12) Tiedemann, p. 87. '%(13) I have seen this very rare case in a monstrous sheep. v. my Selt. Beob. Part I. p.37.—Valsalva saw a hemicephalic monster which had no auditory nerve, nor any opening for it in the petrous bone; it is also curious that two other children of this woman were deaf. v. Morgagni Epist. XLVIII. 48; a similar case is also described by Zobstein De nervo sympathetico, p. 54, § 69. (14) Tiedemann. p. 87 and 89. (15) I have already remarked, at note 4, that accessory parts are not neces- sarily supplied with nerves. (16) Several satisfactory cases, and plates of such cases, are given by Barkow, Monstra animalium duplicia per anatomen indagata, Vol. I. 4to. Leipz. 1828, who has taken much trouble in examining the nerves. The external examination of such monsters allows us to speak pretty certainly of their nerves; the nervi vagi and sympathici alone sometimes surprise us by their arrangement. In a mon- ster which was double at the upper part, but single below, with two vertebree lying close to each other, but perfectly distinct, the internal sympathetic nerves which were united beneath had no ganglia, because the spinal nerves on that side were deficient. v. Gibson in Phil. Trans. 1810, Part I. p. 123. In a janus-faced monster each face had its proper nerves from the two brains, &c. (17) Lobstein De nervi sympathetici hum. fabr. usu et morbis Comm. § 152— 154. 4to. Paris, 1823. I do not think it probable that there should be an actual increase or diminution in the number of branches, and I hardly need recall how very difficult such examinations are, and how easily they may be mistaken. § 250. The NERVES sometimes exhibit variations from their normal] stzE, which may be either congenital or acquired. The con- GENITAL IRREGULAR SMALLNESS occurs not unfrequently, and](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b33489166_0001_0457.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
