The pathology and etiology of congenital club-foot / by Robert William Parker and Samuel George Shattock.

  • Parker, Robert William, -1913.
Date:
1884
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The pathology and etiology of congenital club-foot / by Robert William Parker and Samuel George Shattock. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    adulb and foetus, as well as, for purposes of comparison, in the anthropoid apes. Our attention has chiefly been directed to the extent and direction of the articular facets and to the ob- liquity of the neck of the astragalus. To determine pre- cisely the degree of this obliquity, we adopted the following plan of measurement: the astragalus, with its trochlear surface upwards and horizontal, was placed beneath a fine thread fixed across it; a second thread was fixed at right angles to this along the mid line of the trochlear surface, parallel with its inner border; whilst a third was placed along the outer margin of the neck of the bone, so as to intersect the other two ; the angle formed by the meeting of the two threads last described was taken as the measure of the obliquity of the neck. The subjoined woodcuts, from which, however, the transverse lines have been omitted, will further explain this. Fia. 2. — Hu- Fig. 3.—From a foetus at Fio. 4. — Ourang, man adult (re- term (natural size). Ob- young adult (re- duced). Obli- liquity of neck = 35°. duced). Obliquity quity of neck of neck = 45°. = 12°. In this manner we measured the obliquity of the neck in twenty specimens of adult astragali taken promiscuously. We found the mean angle to be 10'65°. The maximum was 26° ; in three cases the angle was so small that to measure it Was impractic- able. In two cases only the angle amounted to 20° and upwards ; in twelve cases it did not exceed 12° (fig. 2), and in the majority was under 10°. In the foetus from about the fourth month up to term the mean angle in eleven cases was 38°, the maximum 42°, and the minimum 35°. In three cases only did the angle exceed 40° (Fig. 3). In two cases of calcaneus this obliquity amounted to 33° and 39° respectively, being an average of 36°. In five cases of varus the mean angle was 49 6°, the maximum 64°, the minimum 31° (from Case 2), being an average of 49 6°. In an adult chimpanzee this
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