Volume 1

Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors.

Date:: 1888-1894

Credit: Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

694/796 (page 668)

$lent pp., si. sol. cold water, v. sol. hot water and alcohol. Its alkaline solutions rapidly ab- sorb oxygen from the air (Kochleder, A. 84, 354). CALMUS v. Calamus. CALOMEL. Mercurous chloride (HgCl). V. Mercury, chlorides of. CALOPHYLLUM RESIN C,,H18Or [105°]. S.G. 1-12. A resin from Calophyllum calaba or longifolium of South America. Said to give butyric acid on oxidation (Levy, C. R. 18, 242). CALORIMETER. Instrument for measuring quantities of heat. V. Physical methods, Sect. THERMAL. CALYCIN C,9Hl205 [240° uncor.]. Occurs in a yellow lichen, Calycium chrysocephalum, from which it is extracted by boiling ligroin (Hesse, B. 13,1816). Sublimable. Yellow needles or prisms. S. sol. cold petroleum spirit, petro- leum ether, ether, alcohol, and acetic acid, more easily in the hot solvents. By strong aqueous KOH it is split up into oxalic and phenyl-acetic acids. Carbonated alkalis give salts of calycic acid. CAMELLIN C53B[840j9. A glucoside occurring in the seeds of Camellia japonica (Katzujama, Ar. Ph. [3] 13, 334). Extracted by alcohol, and ppd. by lead acetate. White powder with bitter taste, insol. water. Somewhat resembles digi- talin. CAMPHANIC ACID C10H,,O, i.e. yO C8Hn(CO.,H)^ f • Oxy-camplioric anhydride. \co From bromo-camphoric anhydride, the product of the action of bromine on camphoric anhy- dride, by treatment with water (Wreden, A. 163, 330; Woringer, A. 227, 3). From campholic acid and bromine (Kachler, A. 162, 264). Formed also as a by-product in the preparation of cam- phoric acid by oxidation of camphor with HN03 (Roser, B. 18, 3112). According to Fittig (A. 172, 151) it is a lactonic acid, formed via C8H13Br<°°>0 and C8H13(OH)(C02H)2. Properties. — Feathery crystals or prisms (from water). Monoclinic, a:b:c = l-2723:l:l-522. P = 66°34'. Salt.—BaA'2 3|aq Reaction.—1. On distillation camphanic acid y° gives CO„, campholactone CgH,^ | ,andlauro- \co nolic acid C9H,3C02H.—2. K2Cr207 and H2S04 oxidise it to camphoronic acid C3H, ,08 (Bredt, B. 18, 2989). CAMPHENE v. Terpenes. CAMPHENOL v. Borneol and Cineol. CAMPHENYL-p-TOLYL-AMIDINE C9H15C(NH,):NC7H7 [115°]. Fine white glisten- ing needles (from ligroin). Formed by heating campholenonitrile CSH15CN with p-toluidine hydrochloride at 250° (Goldschmidt a. Koreff, B. 18, 1633). CAMPHIC ACID C,„H,602. S. -14 at 19°. [a]D = 15°45' (in alcoholic solution). Formed to- gether with camphoric acid by passing air through a boiling solution of sodium camphor, C10H]yNaO in xylene. Thick mass, v. sol. alco- hol and ether. KMnO, oxidises it to camphoric acid. The calcium salt distilled with calcium formate gives camphor and camphrene C9H140 (c. 233°) (Montgolfier, A. Ch. [5] 14, 70; C. R. 88, 915). CAMPHILENE v. Terpenes. CAMPHIMIDE C10H15N or C^/ |]\nH (?) Formed together with dicamphorilimide by dis- tilling the hydrochloride of amido-camphor (v. Camphor) with steam (Schiff, B. 13, 1405). CAMPHINE v. Terpenes. CAMPHO-CARBOXYLIC ACID v. Camphor CARBOXYLIC ACID. (a)-CAMPHOGLYCURONIC ACID C16H2J08. [130°]. S. 5. [o]D=-33°. Occurs, together with uramido-camphoglyeuronic acid in the urine of dogs that have taken camphor (Schmie- deberg a. Meyer, H. 3, 422). Small thin laminaa (containing aq) ; v. e. sol. alcohol and hot water, insol. ether. Boiling dilute HC1 splits it up into glycuronic acid C^H^O, and crystalline campherol CluH1602 [198°]. HN03 oxidises it to camphoric acid.— BaA. — BaA 2aq. —■ AgHA xaq. (/3)-Camphoglycuronic acid C,cH2408. An amorphous modification of the preceding, formed by warming it with baryta.—AgHA 3aq: crystals, more soluble than the Ag salt of the (a) acid. CAMPHOL a name for Borneol (q.v.). XO CAMPHOLACTONE C8HI4< | . [50°]. \ O (230°-235°). From camphanic acid by distilla- tion, together with lauronolic acid (Woringer, A. 227, 10). Slender needles (from water). Has a pungent odour of camphor. Like other lactones, its solution becomes cloudy when gently heated, but the oily drops afterwards dissolve up again. Volatile with steam. K.,C03 separates it from its aqueous solution. When boiled with baryta the salt of the corresponding oxy- acid, C8H, ,(OH)C02H, is formed. CAMPHOLENE C9H]6 (136°). V.D. 4-35. Prepared by the action of dehydrating agents on campholic acid (Delalande, A. 38, 340) and by distilling potassium campholate with soda-lime (Kachler, A. 162, 266). Probably identical with the hydrocarbon got by distilling the calcium salt of campholenie acid (Goldschmidt, B. 20, 483). The name campholene has also been given to C8HI4 (c. 123°) obtained by the action of dehydrating agents on camphoric acid and its amides (Ballo, B. 12, 324). CAMPHOLENIC ACID C,„H160, i.e. GjH^.COoH or C8H13(CO.,H) :CH2. Oxy-camphor. (c. 260°). Colourless oil. Formed by saponi- fication of its nitrile which is obtained by heat- ing camphoroxim with acetyl chloride. Formed also by treating an alcoholic solution of (jS)-di- bromo-camphor with sodium-amalgam (Gold- schmidt a. Ziirrer, B. 17, 2069; Kachler a. Spitzer, B. 17, 2400 ; M. 3, 216 ; 4, 643). The Ca salt on dry distillation yields C,,H]C, possibly campholene (Goldschmidt, B. 20, 483). Oxi- dising agents give oxy-camphoronic acid. At 250° the NH4 salt gives the amide [127°].— NH..A'.—BaA'„4aq. Amide C9Hi5.CONH2. Isocamplwroxim [125°]. Glistening plates; sol. alcohol, ether, and cone, acids. Formed by heating the nitrile with alcoholic KOH, or by heating the ammo-$