Volume 1

Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors.

Date:
1888-1894
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

    702/796 (page 676)
    Long needles. Smells like camphor and rotates on water. Sol. alcohol, ether, acids and alkalis. Reactions.—1. Hydroxylamine is not split off by heating with aqueous HC1 even at 120°.—2. By heating with acetyl chloride it loses H,0 yielding the nitrile of campholenic acid CI0HI5N (Goldschmidt a. Ziirrer, B. 17, 2069).—3. Is re- duced in alcoholic solution by metallic sodium /CH2 to bornylamine C8H, AT \ . The oxim- \CH.NH2. anhydride is reduced to the isomeric camphyl- amine (Leuchart a. Bach, B. 20, 111). Hydrochloride C10H16NOH,HC1: white powder, si. sol. water, v. sol. alcohol and acids. Sodium salt.—C1(1H16N(ONa): white pow- der, v. sol. hot water and hot alcohol. Ethylether CI0HlliN(OEt): (209°); mobile liquid. Anhydride C10H15N: (217°), liquid; formed by heating camphoroxim with acetyl chloride. Is the nitrile of Campholenic acid (q. v.) (Nageli, B. 16, 2981). Isocamphor-oxim is the amide of Campho- lenic acid (q. v.). CAMPHO-TERPENE v. Terpenes. CAMPHRENE v. Phorone. CAMPHRESIC ACID or CAMPHRETIC ACID so called by Schwanert (A. 128, 77) has been shown by Kachler (A. 191, 143) to be a mixture of camphoric and camphoronic acids. CAMPHYLAMINE C^H^N possibly C8H13(CH,NH2):CH2 (195°). Prepared by adding metallic sodium to an alcoholic solution of campholenic nitrile (camphor-oxim-anhydride). Colourless liquid. Volatile with steam. Beadily absorbs C02 from the air and solidifies to a crystalline carbonate. Primary base. Salts.—B'2H2Cl2PtCl.,: glistening golden plates, nearly insol. water.—B'HClHgCl2: colourless orthorhombic plates ; sol. hot water.— B'C,H204 ^aq : [194°], colourless orthorhombic glistening crystals, v. sol. hot water.— B'JBLSOjaq: long rhombic prisms, m. sol. cold water.—B',H2Cr207: orange-red plates.—The pier ate forms fine yellow needles, [190°-194°]. Benzoyl derivative C10H18NBz : [77°], colourless prisms (Goldschmidt a. Schulhof, B. 18, 3297; 19, 708; 20, 483). Isomeride v. Bornylamine. CAMPHYL-PHENYL-THIO-UREA SC(NHC6H5)(NHC10H17). [118°]. Formed by combination of phenyl-thiocarbimide and eam- phylamine. Short colourless prisms. V. sol. alcohol and benzene, si. sol. ether, v. sol. ligroi'n (Goldschmidt a. Schulhof, B. 19, 712). CAMPHYL - DI - THIO - CARBAMIC ACID C10H17.NH.CS.SH. The camphylamine salt, C10H1J.NH.CS.SNH3(C1IJH17), is formed by mixing camphylamine with CS2. White powder, [110°-116°], sol.benzene. The sodium salt C,0H17.NH.CS.SNa forms white glistening plates, sol. cold, decomposed by hot, water (Goldschmidt, B. 19, 712). CANADA BALSAM. Exudes from incisions in the bark of Abies balsamea. Transparent thick liquid with refractive index (1-532) nearly the same as that of crown glass. Dextro- rotatory. Steam-distillation separates a la?vo- rotatory terpene (167°), which forms a crystal- line compound with HC1 (Donastre, J. Ph. 8, 572 ; Caillot, J. Ph. 16, 436; Wirzen, Disser- tation, Helsingfors, 1849). CANADOL. A term applied by Vohl (D. P. J. 172, 319) to that portion of the volatile hydro- carbons of Canadian and Pennsylvanian petro- leum which boils at 60° and has a S.G. -65 to •70. It is also called petroleum-ether or ligro'in. It consists chiefly of 7t-hexane. CANANGA OIL. Alan-gilan. From Can- anga odorata. Neutral oil (170°-290°). It con- tains benzoyl and acetyl derivatives, a compound that unites with NaHS03, and probably a phenol (Fliickiger, Ph. [3] 11, 934). CANARIUM. The fixed oil of Canarium commune contains 51 p.c. olein and 49 p.c. stearin and myristin (Oudemans, J. pr. 99, 407). CANAUBA WAX v. Carnauba wax. CANE SUGAR v. Sugar. CANNABIS INDICA. Indian hemp when distilled with steam yields an essential oil C,5H21 (257°); V.D. 7-1; S.G. g -93; [o]D = - 1081 at 25-5° (in chloroform). The oil resini- fies on exposure (Valenta, O. 10, 479 ; 11, 196; cf. Martius, C. C. 1856, 225 ; Personne, Ph. [3] 31, 46). HN03 (S.G. 1-32 to 1-42) acting on the resinous extract of Indian hemp forms ' oxy- cannabene ' G,„H20N207 (Bolas a. Francis, C. J. 22, 417; C. N. 24, 77). This separates from methylated spirit in flat yellow prisms [176°], insol. water, si. sol. alcohol. Indian hemp, and its alcoholic extract, contain a poisonous resin (T. a. H. Smith, Ph. 6, 127, 171 ; Martius). Hay (Ph. [3] 13, 998) has extracted a crystalline alkaloid ' tetano-cannabine ' which produces tetanus in frogs. The fixed oil from hemp-seed (Cannabis sativa) is probably a fatty oil, though Lefort (C. B. 35, 734) gives it the formula CnH2202 and describes CI1H,„C1202 and CnH20Br2O., as products of substitution. CANNON-METAL v. Copper, alloys of. CANTHARENE C8H12 i.e. C6H6(CH3)2 [1:2]. (134°). o-Xylene-di-hydride. Formation.—1. By heating cantharie acid with fused KOH.—2. By heating cantharie acid or cantharidin with water at 300°, CO, being split off.— 3. In a pure state by boiling with cone, aqueous KOH, the product C,0H12O3I2, obtained together with cantharie acid by the action of HI upon cantharidine (Piccard, B. 12, 577; 19, 1404). Properties.—Liquid, smelling like turpentine and camphor. Absorbs oxygen with avidity. Dilute HN03 oxidises it to o-toluic and phthalic CANTHARIC ACID C10H12O4 i.e. (C„H„0)CO.C02H. [278° cor.]. S. 85 at 15°; 8-5 at 100°. Prepared by heating 1 pt. of can- tharidine with 4 pts. of HI (1-96 S.G.) for 2\ hours at 100°. Trimetric crystals (from water); v. e. sol. alcohol, v. si. sol. ether. Distilled with lime it gives cantharene, a little xylene, butyric acid, and di-methyl-benzoic acid. It is an a-ketonic acid, for on heating with di-methyl- aniline and ZnCL, it evolves C02 and yields a condensation product C25H32ON2; the latter is converted into a green colouring-matter by Mn02, into a violet colouring-matter by chloranil or arsenic acid. — A'Ag: white pp.—KA': slender needles.—PbA'2a;aq. Methyl ether A'Me: (210°-220°) at 50 mm.; colourless liquid.