Volume 1
Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors.
- Date:
- 1888-1894
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
719/796 (page 693)
![5, 236), in several mineral waters, and in vol- canic gases. Formation.—1. By passing CO and S vapour through a red-hot porcelain tube (Thorn).— 2. By gently heating S03 with CS2; SO., and S also produced (Armstrong, B. 2, 712).—3. By action of C02 on boiling S ; or by electric sparks on CO._, mixed with S vapour (Cossa, B. 1, 117 ; Chevrier, C. R. 69, 136).—4. By leading alcohol and CS2 over red-hot Cu (Carnelley, C. J. [2] 13, 523). For other methods v. Ladenburg, B. 1, 273 ; 2, 30, 53, 271; Dewar a. Cranston, C. N. 20, 174; Salomon, J. pr. [2] 5, 476. Preparation.—By decomposing KCNS by H.,S04Aq ; KCNS + H.,0 + 2H,SO,Aq = COS + KHS04Aq + NH4.HSO,Aq. KCNS is added to a cold mixture of 5 vols. H,S04 with 4 vols. H20 as long as the whole remains liquid ; if much gas comes off the vessel is cooled, if very little gas is evolved the vessel is warmed gently. The gas is passed through three U tubes, containing (1) cotton wool charged with moist HgO (to remove HON and formic acid), (2) cuttings of unvulcanised caoutchouc (to re- move CS._,), (3) CaCh ; the gas is then collected over Hg (Thorn). Bender (A. 148, 137) recom- mends passing the gas through a tube surrounded by snow and salt, andHofmann(23. 2, 73) through wool moistened with PEt:j; the object in either method being to remove CS2. Properties.—Colourless, heavy, gas, with a pleasant somewhat aromatic odour. Colours moist blue litmus slightly reddish. Absorbed by water ; solution sometimes contains C02 and H.,S. Very sol. in alcohol. Reactions.—1. Bums in air to CO., and SO.,. 2. At full red heat gives CS2 and CO. (Berthelot, C. R. 87, 571).—3. With water gives CO,Aq and H.SAq.—4. With potash solution gives K,SAq and K2CO,Aq; similar reactions with NH.,Aq, CaOAq, and BaOAq.—5. Ammonia gas, or alcoholicNH3, gives CO.NH...SNH, (v. Berthelot, A. Gh. [5] 30, 539).—6. Solutions of salts of copper, cadmium, lead, or silver give no pps., but on adding NH3Aq the sulphides of the metals are ppd.— 7. The gas is decomposed by hot mercury, copper, silver, and iron, giving sulphides ; by hot sodium, giving Na2S, Na..C03, and C. Carbon selenide. Carbon and selenion do not combine directly. No definite compounds have been isolated. Kathke obtained a liquid which probably contained about 2 p.c. of a selenide of carbon (along with CC1,), by heating selenide of phosphorus with moist CC1, (v. A. 152, 181). Carbon, sulphides of. Carbon disulphide, CS2, is a well-marked compound. A mono- sulphide, CS, probably exists. According to Low a sesquisulphide, C„S3, can be obtained by the action of Na amalgam on CS2 (Z. 9, 173; 10, 20). When sodium and CS2 react a red-brown solid is obtained which according to Baub has the composition C5S„ (C. G. 1870. 579). Caiibon monosulphide. CS. Mol. w. un- known. S.G. 1-66. CS., was exposed to sun- light for 2 months in a IJ tube of special construction; the solid which had formed on the walls of the tube was removed by water, washed with CS2, and dried in H (Sidot, C. R. 69, 1303; 74,180 ; 81,32). CS is a red powder; insol. in water, alcohol, turpentine, and benzene. Somewhat soluble in CS., or ether. Dissolved by HN03Aq, not by HClAq or H.,S04Aq. At 200° gives C and S. Heated with S gives CS... CS is not produced by leading CS2 over hot carbon or pumice, by heating Sb.,S3 with C, by reaction between CO and H,S2, by reaction between CO and H..S, by reaction between CH4 and SO., or S2C1,„ by heating (CN),,S, by heating Fe spiral in CS.,, by electric sparks through CS.,, or by reaction between CSCL, and hot Cu. References.—Baudrimont, C. R. 44, 100 ; Berthelot, J. 1859. 83; Playfair, C. J. 13, 248; Buff a. Hofmann, A. 113,129 ; Hermann, J.pr. 79, 448 ; Husemann, A. 117, 229 ; Kern, C. N. 33, 253; Kathke, A. 167, 195. Carbon disulphide. CS.,. (Thiocarbonic anhydride. Sulphocarbonic acid.) Mol. w. 75-93. [c. -12°] (Wartha, B. 3, 80). (46-04° at 760 mm.) (Thorpe, C. J. 37, 362; references in this paper to other determinations). S.G. °° 1-29215 (T.). V.D. 38. S.H. (liquid; 14°-29°) •2468 (Schuller, P. Ergzbd. 5,116 ; v. also Hirn, A. Ch. [4] 10, 63 and 91). S.H. p. (equal mass of air=l) -1569; (equal vol. of air = l) -412 (Begnault). C.E. v. Thorpe (I.e.). [C, S2] const, press. = — 26,010 ; const, vol. = — 25,430 ; liquid = -19,610; [CS2, 0;] = 265,130 (Thomsen). For table of vapour-pressures from 0° to 50° v. Bamsay a. Young, C. J. 47, 653. 1-6059; pa 1-6729 (at 13°) (Kundt, W. 4, 34). For relations between volume as gas and pressure v. Herwig, P. 137, 19 ; 141, 83 ; 147, 161. Occurrence.—In crude benzole; and in mus- tard oil. First prepared, in 1796, by Lampadius, by heating iron sulphide with charcoal. Com- position was long uncertain. Clement a. Des- ormes (A. Ch. 42, 121) regarded it as a com pound of C and S; it was also thought to be a compound of S and H, and at other times of C, S, H, and N. Composition established by Vau- quelin, Berzelius, and Marcet, in 1812 (v. G. A. 28, 427 a. 453 ; 48, 177 ; S. 9, 284 ; A. Ch. 83, 252). Formation.—1. By heating S with excess of C in a porcelain tube, condensing product in vessel surrounded by cold water, shaking with NaOHAq, drying by CaCL, and distilling from water bath.—2. By heating C with a metallic sulphide which gives off S at a high tempera- ture, e.g. CuS or Sb.,S3. — 3. By heating wax, sugar, resin, <fcc, with S.—4. By heating (CN).,S. 5. By heating CC14 with P.,S5 to 200° in a closed tube. Preparation.— Commercial CS._, is distilled off quicklime at 60°-70°, leaving a little undistilled; the distillate is shaken in contact with powdered K,Mn,0K, about 5 grams to 1 litre CS2, for some time (to remove H2S) ; it is then decanted and shaken thoroughly with Hg until fresh Hg is not blackened (various S compounds are thus removed); the liquid is poured off and again shaken with Hg2SO ,Aq (abt. 25 g. salt per litre) until a few drops leave no trace of badly smell- ing residue when allowed to evaporate on filter paper; the CS2 is poured oil', allowed to stand in contact with CaCl,, and then distilled (from a water bath) directly into the bottle in which it is to be preserved. It is kept in perfect dark-](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21995990_0001_0719.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
