Volume 1

Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors.

Date:: 1888-1894

Credit: Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

720/796 (page 694)

$ness (Obach, J. pr. [2] 26, 281; for other me- thods v. Sidot, C. B. 69, 1303; Friedburg, B. 8, 1616; 9, 127; Millon, J. 1868. 928; Cloez, C. B. 69, 1356). Properties.—Colourless, limpid, highly re- fractive, liquid ; ethereal odour when quite pure; vapour even when much diluted is poisonous, it stops fermentation (v. Cloez, C. B. 63, 185). According to Wartha (B. 3, 80 ; 4,180) CS2 may be solidified by placing a small quantity in the vessel of a Carre freezing machine, exhausting the air, and then opening the stopcock while continuing to exhaust; in large quantities solid CS2 is obtained by mixing with absolute ether and exhausting the air by a Carre machine. Wartha also obtained a snow-like solid by blow- ing dry air through CS.2 at the ordinary tem- perature; according to Ballo (B. 4, 118) this body is a hydrate of CS,; Berthelot (A. Ch. [3J 46, 490) and Duclaux (C. B. 64, 1099) ob- tained such a hydrate (probably 2CS,.H20) by evaporating CS.2 in moist air (v. also Venables, Am. 5, 15). CSo vapour is very easily inflam- mable, ignition-temp. = 149° (Frankland, C. N. 6, 3), 170° (Braun); with air or O it forms a very explosive mixture; mixed with NO and ig- nited it burns instantaneously with production of white light rich in actinic rays (v. Berthelot, A. Ch. [3] 49, 486; Berzelius a. Marcet, S. 9, 284; Frankland, C. N. 6, 3 ; Sell, B. 5, 733 ; Delachanal a. Mermet, D. P. J. 214, 483). Water dissolves about j^,-, of its weight of CS2 (Sestini, G. 1871. 473); it is miscible in all pro- portions with alcohol, ether, ethereal and fatty oils, and liquid C02 (v. Tuchschmidt a. Follenius, B. 4, 583). CS2 is a solvent for fats, resins, gutta percha, alkaloids, I, S, P, &c. (v. Lieber- niann, B. 12, 1294; Gore, P.M. [4] 30, 414). According to Sidot, CS2 is slowly changed in sunlight to CS and S (v. ante, Caebon monosul- phide). Beactions.—1. Heated strongly CS., gives C and S (Berthelot, Bl. [2] 11, 450 ; Buff a. Hof- mann, A. 113, 129).—2. Burns in air or O to C02 and S02.—3. Decomposed by many metals; Fe is said to give CS at ord. temp. (Kern, G. N. 33, 253; v. also Merz a. Weith, Z. 11, 513) ; Cu at 200°-250° forms Cu„S, S, and C (M. a. W.); K gives a sulphide and C; Na at 140°-150° forms Na.2S and Na2CS3, the latter body reacts with dilute HClAq to produce H2CS.t (Low, Z. 9, 173 ; 10, 120); Na amalgam according to Low (I.e.) gives CS;,, according to Kaab (N. B. P. 19, 449) C5S„ (v. also Hermann, J. pr. 79, 448; Eeichl, C. C. 1880. 420; Guignet, Bl. 1861. 111).—4. Hydrogen, when passed with CS2 over heated Pt black, produces H„S and C; nascent H (Zn and HClAq) forms H,S and (?) C„H,S2 {v. Vernon Harcourt, C. N. 26, 267; Cossa, B. 1, 117; Girard, C. B. 43, 396; Becquerel, C.B. 56, 237).—5. Chlorine reacts with CS, differently according to the conditions : dry CI at ord. temp, gives S2C12 and CC1,; moist CI, or Mn02 and HClAq, or other CI producer, forms H,S04 and CSC1, (Kolbe, A. 45, 41); CI andCS2 passed through a hot tube give S2C1.2 and CC1, (K.); CI passed into boiling CS2 containing a, little I forms S2C12, CC1„ and CSC12 (Muller, C. J. 15, 41); the same products result by action of IC13 (v. Weber, W. A. B. 1866. 348; Hannay, C. N. 37, 224).—6. Chlorides which readily give up chlorine react similarly to Cl: MoCl5 and SbCl5 give CC14 and S2C12, SbCl5 also producing SbCl3S which separates into SbCl3 and S (Aronheim, B. 9, 1788 ; Hofmann, A. 115, 264; Husemann, A. 117, 229); PCI, forms CSC12 (Carius, A. 113, 193), or according to Bathke (Z. 13, 57) CCl4and PSC13 (at 100°).—7. Bromine reacts in presence of I or SbBr3; 2 parts CS2, 14 parts Br, and 3 parts I, heated to 150° in a closed tube form CBr, (Bolas a. Groves, B. 3, 508; v. also Berthelot, A. Ch. [3J 53, 145). Hell a. Urech describe a compound C.2S3Bre obtained by slow action of Br and CS2 and sub- sequent distillation (B. 15, 273).—8. Water, in presence of air, oxidises CS„ slowly and partially to CO,Aq and S03Aq (Berzelius); heated to 150° in a closed tube from 3 to 4 hours, C02Aq and H,SAq are formed (Schlagdenhauffen, J. Ph. [3] 29, 401); evaporated in moist air a hydrate (?2CS2.H,0) is said to be formed (v. Properties). 9. Warmed with sulphuric anhydride, COS, SO,, and S, are produced (Armstrong, B. 2, 712). 10. Mixed with carbon dioxide and passed through a hot tube, or over hot Pt black, COS is produced (Winkler).—11. Passed through a hot tube with sulphuric acid, CO, S02, H2S, and S are formed (W.).—12. Many metallic oxides when heated with CS2 react to form sulphides, sometimes also carbonates (Schlagdenhauffen, /. Ph. [3] 29, 401; Muller, P. 127, 404 ; Fremy, C. B. 35, 27).—13. Oxidising agents, e.g. KN03 or K2Mn208, generally produce C02 and H,SO„ sometimes C02 and H2S; As203, As,05, (and salts of these) produce As2S3 (v. Schlagden- hauffen, I.e.; Cloez a. Guignet, C. B. 46, 1110). 14. Boric acid and borates react at red heat to form B,S3.—15. Sulphuretted hydrogen mixed with CS., and passed over hot Cu produces CH4. 16. Alkalis in aqueous solution form carbon- ates and thiocarbonates (v. thiocarbonates, under Carbonic acid, &c.); alcoholic potash forms K xanthate C2H5O.CS.SK. — 17. Ammonia reacts with CS2 probably to form CS(NH2)2 and (NH4)2CS3 (Laurent, A. Ch. [3] 22, 103; Zoute- veen, C. G. 1870. 821); CS2 and NH3 passed through a hot tube, or CS2 heated in a closed tube with alcoholic NH3, produce H2S and HCNS; alcoholic NH3 at ord. temp, forms (NH4)2CS3, (NH4)CNS, andCS.NH„.SNH4 (Debus, A. 73, 26 ; v. also Millon, J. Ph. [3] 38, 401; Hof- mann, J. 1858. 332); NH3Aq form (NH4)2CS3Aq and NH4.CNSAq. Combinations.—1. With many metallic sul- phides to form thiocarbonates (q. v.).—2. With various ammonia derivatives; e.g. NMe3.CS2. 3. With zinc ethyl and methyl to form ZnEt2.CS2, and ZnMe,.CS2, respectively.—4. With triethylphosphine to form PEt3.CS2. Analysis. - Sulphur, by heating in a glass tube with Na2C03 and a little KN03, and esti- mating sulphates produced, as BaS04. Carbon, by burning with PbCr04 as in organic analyses. Detection and Estimation.—Small quantities of CS2 may be detected by adding alcoholic solution of potash, whereby K xanthate (C,H5O.CS.SK) is formed; on now adding so- lution of a copper salt a yellow pp. is pro- duced (Vogel, A. 86, 369). This reaction is applied to liquids, e.g. mustard oil, by distilling a little in a current of air into alcoholic potash ; coal-gas may be tested by passing through$