Volume 1

Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors.

Date:
1888-1894
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Watts' dictionary of chemistry / revised and entirely rewritten by H. Forster Morley and M.M. Pattison Muir ; assisted by eminent contributors. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

    738/796 (page 712)
    of caraway or of dill this compound is dextro- rotatory, [a]D = + 5-5° at 20°, but when obtained from oil of mint it is liBvo-rotatory, [a]D = — 5-5° at 20°. Dilute alcoholic KOH in the cold libe- rates carvol from this compound. Protracted treatment with H,S converts carvol in alcoholic solution into the amorphous (CI0H14S)2H2S. Reactions.—1, Distillation over solid KOH or P.,Os changes carvol into the isomeric carva- crol(Kekul6 a. Fleischer, B. 6, 1088).—2. P2S3 forms cymene. — 3. P2S5 gives thio-carvacrol C10H„SH.—4. Distillation over heated zinc-dust gives C10H1G (173°) and cymene (Arndt, Z. [2] 4, 730 ; B. 1, 204).—5. Sodium in alcohol forms carveol (q. v.).—6. Dry HC1 gas passed into a mixture of carvol (1 mol.) and aceto-acetic ether (1 mol.) forms the compound CU.H.„C104 pos- sibly C9H15Cl:C(OH).CH(CO.CH3).C02Et. [146°]. Glistening white prisms (Goldschmidt a. Kisser, B. 20, 489).—7. Hydroxylamine forms the oxim, v. Carvoxim. Carvol - phenyl - hydrazide C10H14:N2HC,H:5. [106°]. Formed by the action of phenyl-hydra- zine on carvol (Goldschmidt, B. 17, 1578). Slender white needles. Sol. hot water. Carvol-chloro-hydride C10H15ClO. Hydro- chlorocarvol. Oil. Formed by leading dry HC1 into carvol. Oxim C10H15C1(NOH): [132°]; tables. Formed by the action of hydroxylamine upon carvol-chloro-hydride or of HC1 upon carvoxim. Benzoyl-oxim C10H15Cl(NOBz): [115°]; needles (from petroleum-spirit) (Goldschmidt a. Ziirrer, B. 18, 2220). Phenyl - hydrazide C10H15Cl(N2HPh) : [137°]; small white prisms. Carvol bromo-hydride C10H15BrO. Oil. De- composing at about 50°. Oxim C10H15Br(NOH): [116°] ; prisms (from ligroin). Phenyl - hydrazide C10H15Br(N.,HPh) : [119°]; slender yellow needles (Goldschmidt a. Kisser, B. 20, 488, 2071). Constitution of carvol. HC— CPr =CH Carvol | | HC—CMeH—CO is probably the pseudo-form of HC-CPr = CH Carvacrol HC—CMe = C(OH) (Goldschmidt, B. 20, 490). According to Glad- stone (C. J. 49, 621) the presence of two pairs of doubly-linked atoms of carbon in the mole- cule of carvol is indicated by its molecular re- fraction. CARVOXIM C10H14:N(OH). Nitroso-hesperi- dene or nitroso-carvene. [71°]. Large colourless transparent plates. Sol. acids and alkalis. Formation.—1. By the action of hydroxyl- amine upon carvol.—2. By passing nitrosyl chloride into a methyl-alcoholic solution of carvene, and heating to its melting-point the crystalline hydrochloride C10H[6ONC1 which pre- cipitates. Reactions.—1. By heating with dilute H2S04 carvol is regenerated.—2. By passing HC1 gas into its methyl-alcoholic solution the oxim of carvol chloro-hydride (v. supra) is formed. Hydrochloride B'HCl; white crystalline solid; decomposed by water; formed by passing HC1 into the ethereal solution. Methyl ether C10H14:N(OMe): colourless fluid. Benzoylderivative C10H14:N(OBz): [95°], white glistening needles, v. sol. alcohol and benzene (Goldschmidt a. Ziirrer, B. 17, 1577 ; 18, 1729). Iso-carvoxim C10H,4(NOH). [143°], possibly CPr^CH—^°CH^CMe- 0btained> together with a small quantity of carvoxim, by the action of excess of hydroxylamine on a solution of carvol chlorohydride or bromo-hydride in alcohol (Goldschmidt a. Kisser, B. 20, 2071). Needles, si. sol. alcohol; sol. acids and alkalis. Unlike carvoxim, it does not combine with HC1 or HBr. Dilute H..SO, forms carvacrol and a compound C10HI5NO [94°]. Benzoyl derivative C,0H]4(NOBz): [112°]; scales, v. sol. alcohol. C ARVYL AMI NE C,„H15.NH2. Formed by reduction of carvoxim CmH^NOH in alcoholic solution, by sodium-amalgam and acetic acid. Colourless liquid, of strongly aromatic basic odour. Beadily absorbs C02 from the air.— B'HCl: [c. 180°], slender silky needles (from alcohol). Benzoyl derivative C10H,5.NHBz: [169°]; white needles (Goldschmidt a. Kisser, B. 20, 486). CARYOPHYLLIN C40H64O4 (?) A substance that may be extracted by alcohol from cloves, the dried flower-buds of Caryophyllus aroma- ticus (Mylius, B. J. 22, 452; Muspratt, Ph. 10, 343). Silky needles in stellate groups ; sub- limes at about 285°. SI. sol. cold alcohol, sol. boiling alkalis. PC15 forms C40H6303C1 and CioH^OaCl,,. Acetyl derivative [184°]. Monoclinio crystals (Hjelt, B. 13, 800). Caryophyllic acid C10H64O,.,. From caryo- phyllin and fuming HN03 (Mylius, B. 6, 1053). Amorphous; si. sol. water, v. sol. alcohol, ether, and HOAc. May be crystallised from fuming HN03. Salt s.—Na4A.—Ag4A.—Ba2A l|aq. CASCAR1LLIN C12H1804. [205°]. S. -127 at 100° ; S. (alcohol) 3-33 at 8°. Extracted from cascarilla bark (from Croton Eleutheria and Cascarilla) by boiling water (Mylius, B. 6, 1051; cf. Tuson, C. J. 17, 195; Duval, J. Ph. [3] 8, 91). Minute prisms (from alcohol); tastes bitter. Not affected by boiling dilute HC1. Cas- carilla bark also contains a volatile oil (173°- 180°). CASEIN v. Pboteids. CASEOSE v. Proteids. CASSONIC ACID G,H807. Formed, together with saccharic and oxalic acids, in the oxidation of cane sugar by HN03 (Siewert, Institut. 21, 78). Also from glyconic acid and HN03 (Honig, J. 1879, 667). Syrup. Keduces ammoniacal AgN03 to a mirror.—BaAa;aq. CASTORIN. Castoreum is a hard black sub- stance (soft when fresh) found in a pair of small sacs situated in the genital organs of the beaver (Castor fiber and americanus). An alcoholic extract deposits first fat, and then castorin. Castoreum also contains a volatile pungent oil,