Morale : the supreme standard of life and conduct / by G. Stanley Hall.

  • G. Stanley Hall
Date:
1920
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Morale : the supreme standard of life and conduct / by G. Stanley Hall. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    under this regime) disfranchised, but the power to vote is so conditioned and handicapped that the Bol¬ shevik system rests upon no very broad foundation. Those who vote do so not by parties but by trades or crafts; that is, they can elect to the local body a member of their own vocation, and with this their responsibility and influence in the state ceases. The members of this local soviet vote to elect members of the rural soviet, its members vote for the provincial, and the provincial for the All-Russian Congress. The members of the higher body, therefore, are removed at least two or three times from the voter himself. The city voters, who include for the most part work¬ ers in factories and also soldiers and sailors, are given about five times as much voting power as the peasants. For instance, if a member of the All-Russian Con¬ gress represents the city, there is one for every 25,000 votes; but if the farmers or peasants, one for 120,000. In the regional units for city dwellers there is one representative to every 5,000 voters; in the country, one to every 25,000, so that even the peasants are to this extent disfranchised. Peasants, then, who com¬ prise the majority in Russia, have only one-fifth of the voting power of soldiers, sailors, and factory hands and city laborers, showing the deep-seated dis¬ trust in which they are held. The All-Russian Congress is very large and un¬ wieldy, and hence appoints a committee of two hun¬ dred members; and this committee, still further re¬ moved from the people, selects an executive commit-
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