Investigations concerning bovine tuberculosis : with special reference to diagnosis and prevention / conducted under the direction of D.E. Salmon.
- Date:
- 1894
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Investigations concerning bovine tuberculosis : with special reference to diagnosis and prevention / conducted under the direction of D.E. Salmon. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![The drainage from all the stables collects in a covered cesspool which is in the inclosed yard about 10 feet from the center of the main stable. This pool has one objectionable feature. It is 9 feet deep and the dis- charge inpe leading from it is only 3 feet beneath the surface, and hence the drainage from the stables to the depth of 0 feet stagnates constantly in this pool and frequently gives rise to very disagreeable odors. The discharge nipe from the cesspool empties into a neighbor- ing creek. Extending southeast from the main stable is a patch of ground 2 to 3 acres in extent, about five times as long as it is broad, inclosed by a fence. This is known as tlie cow yard. It slopes gradually down to within 10 to 12 feet of the creek into which the drainage from the stables is eventually discharged. In the lower portion of the cow yard the cattle are watered, the water being ]3umped from a spring into a long trough elevated about a foot from the ground. The lower portion of the cow yard is also used as a dumping place for the leaves collected from various portions of the Home grounds, and when these become mixed with the droppings of the cattle and saturated with moisture a veritable swamp is formed, through which the cattle must pass to reach the water. The manure from the stables was hauled each day to a place specially provided in the rear of the cow yard, where it remained at most a few days at a time. It was used to improve the condition of such por- tions of the Home grounds as needed fertilizing. The spring from which the drinking water was obtained is apx)ar- ently well removed from any source of contamination. During the warm months the herd was kept constantly out of doors. At 4 a. m. the milch cows were driven into the stable, milked, turned into the cow yard with the other cattle, and from there the entire herd was driven into pasture. About 11 a. m. all the cattle were returned to the cow yard, the milch cows were again driven into the stable, milked, turned back into the cow yard, and from there,with the rest of the cattle, back: into pasture. At G p. m. all the cattle were returned to the cow yard, where they remained until the following morning. When the pasturage was not good the milch cows received a small amount of feed of one kind or another while in the stable to be milked During the cold months the cattle were not allowed to go into pas- ture, but were given fresh air and exercise in the cow yard, where they remained from one to eight hours, according to the state of the weather. The cows were milked at the same hours during the summer and win- ter. When not allowed to go into pasture the cattle were fed a mixture of cut beets, cut hay, and mill feed, one meal at 5:30 a. m. and another at 2:30 p. m., and a good feed of long hay in the evening. The quantity of the mixed feed varied according to the size and productivity of the animal, and was a half bushel at each feeding for a cow giving milk. All the water for the cattle was obtained in the cow yard excepting only a small quantity which was mixed with the feed. This was from](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21783111_0013.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
