Ticks : a monograph of the 'Ixodoidea' / by George H.F. Nuttall[and others].
- George Nuttall
- Date:
- 1908-1915
Licence: In copyright
Credit: Ticks : a monograph of the 'Ixodoidea' / by George H.F. Nuttall[and others]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.
146/898 page 106
![stood the test of time, with some modifications, better than any other which has been advanced. Gervais (in Walckenaer and Gervais, 1844, p. 229), however, at the same period, divided Acarina simply into seven genera, of which one genus, Ixodes, included all the ticks. NicOLET (1855, p. 381) divided aerial and terrestrial (in contrast to aquatic) mites into five groups, one of which was Ixodides. Furstenberg (1861, p. 208) took over the classification of ticks from C. L. Koch, without making any change. Donnadieu (1875) included Argas under Ixodides. M^gnin (1876 a, p. 293; 1877, p. 86; 1880, p. 117; and 1892, p. 25) gave the Ixodides as one of eleven divisions of Acarina. Murray (1877, p. 185) divided mites into eight families, of which one, family 5, was the Ixodidae. Kramer (1877, p. 215) likewise gave ticks family rank under the name Ixodidae, and Michael (1883, p. 50) includes Argas in the family Ixodidae. Canestrini and Fanzago (1877, p. 110) divided the family Ixodini into four genera : Ixodes, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus. Karsch (1879, p. 96) established the genus Margaropus. Canestrini (1890, p. 491) subsequently divided the family Ixodidae (or Ixodinae) into three groups: I. PoUopli, with almost the whole venter coraz- zato, i.e. covered by chitinous plates, literally cuirassed (one genus : Ixodes), II. Tetraopli, with four adanal shields (two genera: Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus), III. Anopli, with naked venter (two genera: Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis). Ordered according to the structure of the palps, he divided the Ixodidae into two sections: A. Cultri- palpi (Genera Ixodes and Hyalomma), and B. Conipalpi (Genera Phaulixodes^ [Berlese], Rhipicephalus, Dei^macentor, Haemaphysalis and Herpetohia^ [Canestrini]). He confined his classification to the Italian ticks, of which he had a personal knowledge. Canestrini (1892, p. 563) places ticks under Acaroidea as an order Metastigmata comprising two families: 1. Ixodidae, 2. Argasidae. Marx (1892a, p. 233) follows, in a measure, the classification of C. L. Koch, but substitutes Cynorhaestea for Ricini (Ricinus being preoccupied), and ranks Cynorhaestea as a suborder instead of an order; he divided the suborder into two tribes, or groups: I. Gatastomata, comprising two families : 1. Argasidae (with two genera : Argas and Ornithodoros), and 2. Eschatocephalidae (provisionally forming a connecting link between the two tribes); and II. Antistomata, comprising three families: 1. Haemalastoridae (with two genera: Haemalastor and ^ Since condemned, recognized as nympbal forms: Fhaulixodes = Rhipicephalus, Herpetobia = Haemaphysalis.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21357055_0146.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
