Volume 1

A system of anatomical plates of the human body; accompanied with descriptions, and physiological, pathological & surgical observations. Text and plates / By John Lizars.

  • John Lizars
Date:
[1840?]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A system of anatomical plates of the human body; accompanied with descriptions, and physiological, pathological & surgical observations. Text and plates / By John Lizars. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    the saphena major vein, marked 4 in Fig. 2, along which they chiefly ascend on the leg to the tibial aspect of the knee-joint, where they are joined by another set of lym- phatic vessels, which originate from the outside or fibular aspect of the sole of the foot, and accompany the saphena minor vein upwards or proximad to the poples, where, as already observed, they join the preceding, or the deep lymphatics accompanying the popliteal artery. Both of these fasciculi of superficial lymphatic vessels frequently inosculate in their progress. In their course along the patellar aspect of the inner malleolus, s, the first series of lymphatics, 27, is joined by some which originate on the sole of the foot. The lymphatic vessels formed by the union of these two fasciculi, ascend on the tibio-patellar aspect of the thigh, as represented in Fig. 2 of Plate CL., where they still chiefly accompany the saphena major vein, 6, upwards or proximad to the inferior superficial lymphatic glands, * marked with the letters a. In this course along the thigh, these are joined by several lym- phatics of the integuments from the outer or fibular, and the posterior or popliteal aspects; and throughout their whole extent, they frequently unite with the deep-seated. The deep-seated lymphatics accompany the respective deep arteries of the leg, as the anterior tibial, the poste- rior tibial, and the fibular, uniting with each other at the poples, where they enter the popliteal lymphatic glands, and also inosculating frequently with the superficial lym- phatic vessels. From their emergence at the popliteal glands, there are generally from four to six large trunks which accompany the popliteal and superficial femoral arteries, upwards or proximad to the groin, where some of them join the inferior superficial inguinal glands, marked ain Fig.1 of Plate CI.; others join the deep-seated in- guinal glands, marked 15 in Plate XCVIII.; while others again run by the side of these glands, receiving in their course those of the superficial lymphatic vessels which have emerged from the inferior superficial inguinal glands, a, and enter the abdominal cavity with the crural artery, t, T, and its vein, U, and terminate in the external iliac glands, 16. The other deep lymphatics of the thigh ac- company either the obturator artery, the ischiadic artery, or the gluteal artery, and join the sacral and hypogastric lymphatic glands. So also do the lymphatics of the peri- neum accompany the internal pudic artery, and join the hypogastric glands. The superficial lymphatic vessels of the abdomen, be- neath or sacrad to the umbilicus, marked 28, in the regions of the loins, 30, the nates, 31, the penis, 32, the scrotum, 33, and the perineum, inosculate frequently with each other, and ultimately join the superior superficial inguinal lymphatic glands, marked 17+ in Fig. 1 of Plate CI. From these superior glands, 17, the lymphatic ves- sels, reduced in number, descend to the inferior inguinal glands, a. The superficial lymphatic vessels of the infe- rior half of the abdomen inosculate with those of the superior half, where they originate or commence. The superficial lymphatics of the penis and scrotum. often inosculate with the superficial lymphatics of the thigh, as seen in Fig. 1 of Plate CI. Those of the penis, marked 32 in Fig. 1 of Plate Cl., are generally three in number, * It is this lower or distal series of lymphatic glands which becomes affected in the first instance, in wounds and diseases of the leg, distal to them; as, for example, in ulcers. + It is these superior inguinal lymphatic glands which become affected with bubo, supervening to gonorrhoea, or syphilitic ulcer, on the glans, prepuce, or scrotum. and begin at the prepuce, from which they extend to the root of the member inosculating with each other, and ultimately separating into two sets, one of which runs to the glands on the one side, and the other set to the serieg of glands on the opposite side. The lymphatics of the scrotum, 33, inosculate with those of the testis, b. Those of the clitoris and external labia in the female also inos- culate with those of the thigh, and terminate in the supe- rior superficial lymphatic glands.* The deep lymphatic vessels of the penis accompany the internal pudic artery to the hypogastric glands. The deep lymphatic vessels of the clitoris take the same course. The lymphatics of the lower portion of the vagina ascend to the external] aperture of the inguinal canal, enter the abdominal cavity, and run along the round ligaments to the uterus, where they join the lymphatics of that organ. Besides the lym- phatic glands of the lower extremity, already described, there are some others. One or two is occasionally found in the course of the anterior tibial artery, near the knee- joint, and is named glandula tibialis antica. The popliteal glands are small, commonly about three in number, and are in close contact with the popliteal blood-vessels. In the pelvis a number of lymphatic vessels originates from the viscera in this cavity; in the male, from the uri- nary bladder, the prostate gland, and vesicule seminales; and in the female, from the urinary bladder, uterus, and its appendages. In the male, those of the bladder, pros- tate gland, and vesicule seminales, inosculate with each other, and ascend to enter the external iliac, 16, the hypogastric, or internal iliac, 19, and sacral lymphatic glands. In the female, those of the bladder take the same course. Those of the vagina, and os et cervix uteri, accompany the uterine arteries to the hypogastric glands; those of the body and fundus of the uterus accompany the spermatic arteries, being joined in their course by the lymphatics of the ovaria, and enter the lumbar glands. The lymphatics of the ureters partly join those of the uri- nary bladder, and partly ascend along the ureters, to enter the lumbar glands, inosculating with the lymphatics of the kidneys. Independently of these in the cavity of the pel- vis, there are several lymphatic vessels around its parietes ; thus, some originate from the central aspect of the sym- physis pubis, where they are joined by lymphatics of the pyramidalis and levator ani muscles, and proceed to join the external and internal iliac glands; while others derive their origin from the concave aspect of the sacrum and coccyx, from the sacro-ischiadic plexus of nerves, where they are joined by those which accompanied the gluteal, ischiadic, and internal pudic arteries from without the pelvis, and terminate in the hypogastric glands. The lymphatics of the testicle, marked 34 in Plate XCVIIL., are exceedingly numerous, and consist of a superficial and deep set, the former deriving its origin from the tunica vaginalis, and the latter from the sub- stance of the gland, r, 7. From this they ascend in com- pany with the spermatic artery, g, to the inguinal canal, enter the abdominal cavity, and extend along the artery to the lumbar glands, where they inosculate with the renal lymphatics. At their origin they are joined by some of the lymphatics of the scrotum. The external iliac glands, about eight or ten in number, extend along the course of the artery of the same name; and the internal iliac or hypogastric glands, about twelve pbesliee Baie aM 2A pee cag ee sg, gal, id de So * This chain of connexion should be kept in view in syphilitic chancres occurring in the female.
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