A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians / by John H. Musser.

  • John Herr Musser
Date:
1904
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians / by John H. Musser. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.

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    diagnosis, will be considered in the sections to which the names in the following list point : Bleeding from the nose—epistaxis. Vomiting of blood—hamateniesis. Bleeding from the lungs—hcemoptysis. Blood passed with the urine—hceinahiria. Blood passed from the uterus—menorrhagia or metrori'hagia. There is also intestinal hemorrhage—melcena. Hemorrhages underneath the skin are known as petechia; if small, and ecchymoses or sicfasions if large. Hemorrhage into internal organs receives its name from the organ affected, and is known as a p)arenchymatous hemorrhage. Apop}lexy is applied to hemorrhage into the substances of organs, particularly if it occurs suddenly and is localized—as pulmonary apoplexy, cerebral apoplexy, spinal apoplexy. Long usage has associated the term with hemorrhage into the brain, so that it is applied to that part alone by most writers. Hcematoma, or blood-tumor, is a collection of blood that has coagulated in a cavity, organ, or tissue. (See Ear.) Symptoms. The symptoms of hemorrhage vary in degree, depend- ing upon the amount of blood that escapes from the vessel, and whether the hemorrhage is external or internal. By external hemorrhage we mean one which is accompanied by a discharge of blood visible to the bystander. An internal or concealed hemorrhage is not apparent by any outward sign of blood. The symptoms by which external hemorrhage is recognized need not be detailed. The show of blood in situations or at times other than normal is sufficient. It must be remembered that arterial blood is brio-ht red, venous blood dark. It must also be remembered that the character of the blood coming from internal organs is modified by the secretion of the affected organ. Thus the blood from the stomach is coagulated and black, like coffee-grounds; blood from the intestine, tarry. The general symptoms of the various degrees of external hemor- rhage are similar to the symptoms of internal hemorrhage, which will be described Idter. Botli vary with the rapidity of the flow of blood. If the bleeding is slow, large quantities may be lost and more or less profound anemia result. It is often more difficult to determine the source of hemorrhage. The mode of recognition of the anatomical varie- ties of hemorrhage will be discussed under the respective systems which are the seat of the bleeding. Hemorrhage may take place into a cavity, as the stomach, bowels, or bladder, and after the blood has undergone changes it may cause symptoms of^ and be discharged as, a foreign body. Although mternal hemorrhage presents vivid phenomena, they may not be characteristic, and its recognition is often impossible without some knowledge of the history of the case. The symptoms are com- plex. First, we have pain, a symptom due to rupture of a vessel or to the filling of a tissue with blood. In the beginning the pain is sharp, severe, and of itself may cause shock. In the second ]dace, the symp- toms due to loss of blood arise. After pain, sudden prostration ensues ; pallor spreads rapidly ; the extremities become pallid and cold ; a cold sweat breaks out on the forehead ; the features become pinched and shrunken; the pulse becomes weak and rapid, and later thready, or
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