A dictionary of practical medicine: comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures, and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different forms of life : with numerous prescriptions for the medicines recommended, a classification of diseases according to pathological principles, a copious bibliography, with references, and an appendix of approved formulae : the whole forming a library of pathology and practical medicine and a digest of medical literature (Volume 9).
- James Copland
- Date:
- 1834-59
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of practical medicine: comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures, and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different forms of life : with numerous prescriptions for the medicines recommended, a classification of diseases according to pathological principles, a copious bibliography, with references, and an appendix of approved formulae : the whole forming a library of pathology and practical medicine and a digest of medical literature (Volume 9). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
![cueil, t. ii., p. 5S3.—J. B. Careno, de Ae'ris ingressu, in ventiiculum, 8vo. Mediol., 1T57.—Zeviani,Trattato del Flato, &c, 4to. Vcron., 1701.—C. F. Kadelbuck, de Tym- panitidis Pathol, et Therap., 4to. Leips., 1772.—Morgag- ni, De Sed. et Caus. Morb., Ep. xxxvi., 23, 24, 25. (Tymp. Intextinalis, T. Abdorninalis.)—De Haen, Rat. Medendi., P. ii., c. v.; P. iv., p. 05.—Dusseau, Journ. de MedOcine, 1779.—Lieutaud, Hist. Anatom. Med., 1. i., 16. (Intenti- distenta), 270. (A'er in cavo abdominis et in inteatinis), 1775. (A er extra intestina.)—M.Stoll, Prae- lect., t. i., p. 89. — Trnka de Krozowitz, Historia Tyin- panitidis. Viudo., 8vo, 178S.—Pleuker, De Meteorismo ejusque speciebus, in Eyerell, Coll. Disser., 1. iii. — Sto- erck, Ann., Med. ii., p. 191, 194, 199. (Inftammatione causata.)—Bang, in Acta Req. Soc. Med. Haun., t. i., p. 206. — Aaxkow, in Ibid., t. i., p. 373. — G. L. Marugi, le Malattie Flatuose,4to. Nap., USQ.—Bergius, Mat. Medi- ca, t. i., p. 199. (Ascrfcetidce entmata.)—Portal., Cours d'Anatomie Mudicale, t. v., p. 142. (Aer in cavo abdom- inali.)— Odier, Manuel de Mud. Pratique, p. 210. (In Febre adynamica et in F. Puerperale.)—J. P. Frank, De Curand. Horn. Morbis, 1. vi., P. i., p. 124. (Carbo in- terne), p. 117. (Vencesectio), p. 121. (Frigus.)-N. V. A. Gerardin, Recherches Physiologiques sur les Gas intes- tinaux, 4to. Paris, 1814.—J. G. Beutner, de quibusdam Prsesidiia in pneumatosi abdominali administrandis. Hcid., 1815.—Merat, Diet, des Sciences Med., t. xxxiii., art. Meteori&me.—Pinel et Briclieteau, in Ibid., t. iv., vi.. art. Tympanite. — Fradini et Santoli, Med. and Surg. Joum., vol. v., p. 107, et in British and For. Med. Rev., Oct., 1836, p. 552. (Canvphoi; Mnsk, et Ammoniacum pro Tymp.)—IF. Kerr, Cyclop, of Pract. Med., vol. iv., 253. [See various Am. works of Prac. of Med. already re- ferred to; also Flint's Reports on Continued Fever, and Baitlett on Fever.] URINARY BLADDER.—Synon.—Fes2ca Uri- naria ; Vesica urinalis; kvgtic, Cystis; Uro- cystis;—Vesica;—Vessie, Fr. Harnblase, Germ. 1. The urinary bladder is a musculo-mem- braneous reservoir for the reception of the urine, until the accumulation of a certain quantity so- licits the discharge of this secretion. This reser- voir is situated in the hypogastric region, between the pubes and rectum in man, and between the pubes and vagina in the female. Its several con- nexions with the urinary and sexual passages, in both sexes, and its other anatomical relations, need not be noticed at this place. It is sufficient that we bear in recollection that, in addition to the disorders and lesions which are seated in it solely or chiefly, it is liable, in consequence of these connexions, and of the nervous and vascu- lar communications existing between it and other parts, to several sympathetic affections, the most important of which are those depending upon le- sions of the kidneys and ureters, and upon those of the prostate gland and urethra. In all cases, therefore, when the urinary bladder appears to be the seat of disease, our attention should be di- rected also to the states of these organs and pas- sages ; and not be limited to these, but be extend- ed even farther, and more especially to the com- position and condition of the urine and of its de- posits, with the several relations of digestion and assimilation. 2. I. Irritability of the Bladder.—Classif. —II. Class, III. Order. (See Preface.) 3. Definit.—A frequent and urgent desire to micturate, independently of febrile symptoms and of inflammation, and of organic lesion of the urin- ary bladder and prostate gland. 4. i. Symptoms.—A person otherwise in good health feels an urgent desire to void his urine after very short intervals, and if the desire be not gratified, either he is incapable of retaining it, or he retains it with great difficulty, and with more or less pain. The effort at micturition is some- times attended by pain in the glans or under the fraenum, and by straining; and although the calls are frequent, the quantity passed at each call is very small. These latter symptoms are most frequent in old or aged persons, and in those who have been addicted to masturbation or sexual excesses, in whom the prostate is more or less tumid or enlarged. Hysterical persons are often liable to this disorder ; but in these the urine is more copious and pale, and contains less than the usual proportion of solid ingredients, the na- ture of which are not altered. When irritabili- ty of the bladder has continued long—the organ having for a long period ceased to be distended by the accumulation of urine—the capacity of it becomes permanently accommodated to the pau- city of its contents, and incapable of containing more than two or three ounces. 5. Mr. Coulson, in his admirable work on Diseases of the Bladder and Prostate Gland, re- marks that, notwithstanding this contracted state, if there be no stricture or disease of the prostate, the parietes of the bladder are often thinner than natural; and that it would seem that protracted irritation produces absorption of part of the sub- stance of the organ. Opportunities of examining after death the bladder of persons who laboured under this affection in its idiopathic form are very rare. Mr Coulson examined the body of a gentleman of a very nervous temperament, long a sufferer from this disorder, who was carried oil by disease of the lungs ; but he could not detect the least alteration in the appearance or structure of the bladder, or of any of the urinary organs. 6. ii. The causes of this disorder require recog- nition in each case which comes under treatment. Old persons, or the aged, and next the very young, are more liable to irritability of the bladder than youths or the middle-aged ; but the causes pro- ducing it in the aged are generally very different from those occasioning it in children. The nerv- ous temperament, weak, irritable and anxious dis- positions, and gouty and rheumatic persons are most predisposed to it. Those subject to chronic dyspepsia, to nervous giddiness, tremors, or to scaly eruptions, are often also afflicted with this complaint. When it occurs in females it is sometimes refer- able to injury from pressure, either during preg- nancy or in parturition, or to disorders or lesions of the uterus, ovaria, or vagina. It may be occa- sioned in both sexes by haemorrhoids or irritation of the rectum by ascarides, or by chronic states of dysentery. It may occur, in a slight form, even independently of hysteria, in males as well as in females, from self-pollution, or from irritation of the spinal nerves increasing the organic sensi- bility of the bladder. 7. a. The most frequent causes are probably those which are referable to the states of the urine, arising either from the nature of the ingesta, or from the changes consequent upon primary or secondary assimilation. It has been well remark- ed by Dr. Prout, in his celebrated work, that cases of irritable bladder, depending on functional de- rangement of the kidneys, usually result from the unnatural properties of the urine. All deviations from the normal condition of the urine, whether in deficiency, or in excess, or in kind, are recog- nised by the containing organs, and may prove a source of irritation in the bladder. Hence, whenever the urine is very dilute or very con- centrated, or is preternaturally acid or alkaline, or contains any unnatural ingredient, the urinary organs in general, and the bladder in particular,](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21111078_0061.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
