The article Stammer, from The penny cyclopaedia / by Richard Cull.

  • Cull, Richard
Date:
1842
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The article Stammer, from The penny cyclopaedia / by Richard Cull. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    the stammer is vocal; and when the difficulty is to change the adjustment from that for the initial, to that for the final sound of the diphthong, it is a speech stammer. Three diphthongs end in ee of eel, ale, isle, oil. Now to produce this final sound, the mouth’s cavity and aperture are contracted by raising the lower jaw, and bringing the lips parallel to each other; which adjustment is effected by themasseter, the labial, and their groups of muscles, including their antagonists. These are disobedient to the will, so that the stammerer finds himself unable to control the jaw and the lips. Three diphthongs end in oo of ooze, viz. old, cwbe, our. Now to produce this final sound, the aperture of the mouth is contracted by pursing together the lips, while the lower jaw is sufficiently depressed to allow free egress to the voice; which ad- justment is effected by the orbicular muscles of the lips with its group including their antagonists, while the masseter and its antagonist hold the jaw in its required place. The stammerer finds himself unable to control the lips while he holds the jaw. The re- maining diphthongs are less marked, and as diph- thongs never present a difficulty to the stammerer. 2. On the Consonants.—The difficulty to utter a monophthongal consonant is a voice stammer, it being an absence of voluntary control over the voca- lization of the breath. The difficulty to utter a diphthongal consonant may be either a voice or a speech stammer, and is often a combination of both. When the difficulty is to produce voice to begin
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