A report on the expedition to western Yunan viâ Bhamô / by John Anderson.

  • John Anderson
Date:
1871
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A report on the expedition to western Yunan viâ Bhamô / by John Anderson. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    tlie Tapcng—the Molay—the Mogoung—description commuuictatcd of country above 1st defile—soil around Bliam6~crops—animals—fish—climate—natural products— amber mines—jade mines—gold—silver and iron mines in Muanglan country—-salt in Hukong valley—nature of country between Bhamo and Kakhyen hills—description of Kakhyen range—height and direction—constituent rocks—silver mines—Oldliam’s assays of galena ore—other silver mines—character of Tapeng valley—vegetable pro- ducts of Kakhyen hills—opium—its introduction—extent of its cultivation—analysis —comparison with Indian drug—comparative table of Benares, Behar, and Yunan opium—Domestic animals of Kakhyens—climatic observations—cultivation of tea— Poloung tea—its characters—cakes of Chinese tea—country between Kakhyen hills and the Cambodia—Kakhyen hills in Tapeng and Hotha valleys—their primary and second- ary ranges—direction of valleys and v'ater-courses—intervals between water-sheds— j)arallel ranges to the east of Momien—Kananzan range—position of rivers from Burmese itineraries—distances between Irawady, Shuaylee, Salween, and Cambodia—' the Hokyan—courses of Tapeng, Shuaylee, and Cambodia—general elevation of the country—Sanda valley—length, breadth and general appearance—almost divided into three basins, corresponding to the three states, Manwyne, Sanda, and Muangla—cons- titution of surrounding hills—Superficial deposits—Elephant’s molar—hot s^Drings —analysis of water—temperature—valley of Hotha—its rocks—soil—river Namsa— crops—Superior tobacco grown by Shans—Wild indigo—pasture—live-stock—climate ■—population of Sanda and Hotha valleys—the Mawphoo gorge—valley of Nantin —its river-terraces—geological structure—denuding action of Taho—change in cha- racter of hills—hot springs of Nantin—temperature and analysis—soil—insecurity of life and property—scant population—-little cultivation—Sawaddy, Hoetone, and Sanda routes converge—high road to Momien from Bhamo—Extinct volcano of Hawshuenshan—its height and ^appearance—centre of earth-quakes—valley of Haw- shuenshan—valley of Momien—its physical features and geological composition— Kananzan mountains—height, direction and richness in minerals—Khyto silver-mines —analysis of the ore—gold—pine forests—rice—potatoes—opium—Momien cattle, sheep, dogs, &c.—population of Momien, Nantin and Hawshuenshan valleys—cli„ mate —temperatures of June and July—snow in winter—its conditions for healthiness... ... ... ... ... ... pp. 5D to 95 CHAPTER V. SHANS AND KAKHYENS AND OTHER RACES TO THE EAST OF BHAMO. /S7^aw5.—Distribution in Upper Burmah and neighbouring countries—modifying influeuco of Burmese—probable ancient distribution—States of Western Yunan annexed to China, 1285—Western Yunan probably country of the Great Tais and kingdom of Bong—introduction of Buddhism into Burmah, 241 B. C.—into Shan valleys— present distribution of Shans in Western Yunan—two tribes, Shans proper and Polouugs —enigmatical character of Shan-Chinese or Chinese-Shans—physical charac- ters of Shans proper and of Poloungs—physical characters of Chinese-Shans—dress of Shan women—costume of male peasantry—dress of Chinese-Shan women—ordinary ornaments of Shan women—ear-rings of Shans, Poloungs and Shan-Chinese—neck- rings or torques—similarity to ancient forms of Europe—penannular torques—finger- rings—bracelets—scent-bottles and chatelaines—dahs—tobacco pipes—match-locks —powder-flasks—dress of Phoongyees in Sanda valley—in Hotha valley—diet of