Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico / edited by Frederick Webb Hodge.

Date:
1907-1910
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico / edited by Frederick Webb Hodge. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    32/1000 (page 14)
    A DJ U ITS l T P1' A—A D() H K (1701)inN. Y. Dot'. Col.Hi.st., iv, «99, 1854. Adi- rontak.—Vetroniile, Abmikis.51, ISCG. Adisonkas. —Martin, North Carolina, i, 7C>, 1829. Adnon- decks.—McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, iii, 79. 1854. Arundacs.—Johnson (17G3) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hi.st.. VII, 582, 185G. Arundax.—Ft Johnson conference (175G), ibid., 233. Honanduk.—Coxe. Carolana, map. 1741 (on e. shore of L. Iln- ron; same?'). Iroondocks.—Carver, Travels, 120. 1778. Latllentasks.—Kiiif^, Jour, to Arctic Ocean, I, 11, 183G (at Oka). Orendakes.—Martin, North Carolina, II,G5,1829. Orondacks.—Johnson (1751) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi. 729,1S55. Orondocks.— Sloddart (1750), iliid., 582 (at Oka). Orondoes.— Imlay, Western Ter., 292,1797. Oroondoks.—Stod- dart(1753) in N. 5’. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 780, 1855. Oroonducks.—Lindesay (1749), ibid., 538. Orun- dacks.—Dimviddie (1754), ibid.. 827. Raron- daks.—Vater, Milhridates, jit. 3, sec. 3, 309. 181G. Ratiruntaks.—Gatschet.CaughnawaKa MS., 11. .V. K., 1882 (Mohawk name; siiif?. Kanintaks). Rondax.—Glen (lt)99) in N. Y.Doc. Col. Hist., ly, 559, 18.54. Rondaxe.—Von der Donck (1G5G) in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., i, 209.1841. Adjuitsuppa. An Kskiino settlement and Danishtradino;station in s. w. (ireen- land, lat. (50° 27'.—Meddelelser oni (Inhdand, .vvi, map, 189(5. Sudproven.—Koldewey. German .Vrcl. Kx))ed., 182,1871. Sydprdven.—Meddelelser om Gronland, XVI, map, 189G. Adlet. A fabnlons people that the Eskimo believe to be descended from a dog. A woman married a red dog and bore five dogs, wbich she cast adrift in a boat, and also five cbildren of mon- strous shape. The dogs reached the other side of the ocean and begot the white people. The monsters engendered the Adlet, terrible beings, identified by the Labrador Eskimo with the Indians, of whom they formerly lived in dread, also by the Piskimo of tlu> western shores of Hudson bay, who, however, called this misbegotten and bloodthirsty race Pir- )|igdlit. The P^skimo of (Ireenland and Bathn land, having no Indian neighbors, pictured the tribe of monsters with hu- man heads, arms, and trunks joined to tlu* hind legs of dogs. See Boas (1) in Trans. Kov. Soc. (,'an., v.,sec. 2,85,1888; (2) in (5th Rep. B. A. E., (540, 1888. Adla.—Boas in Trans. Roy. Soc. *'iui.. op. cit. (siiifr. form of Adlnl). Adlahsuin.—.stein in I’etcr- mann.s Mitt., no. 9, map, 1902. Adlat.—Boas, o|>. cit. Adlet.—Boas in Gth Kci>. B. F., GtO, 18,88. Erqiglit.—Ibitl. Adobe (a word traceable to an Pigyptian hieroglypb signifying ‘lirick,’ thence to Arabic’u/-/o5, al-(oh, whence the Simnish adohnr, ‘ to daub,’ ‘to plasltu’’; adopted in the Enited States from iMexico). Largt* sun-dried bricks, much used by tbe Pueblo Indians of Nt'w Mexico in build- ing houses and garden walls. The pro- cess of molding adobes in a wooden frame was not einjiloyed by the aborigines of tbe United States before the advent of the Siianiards in the Kith century. In 1540 the Pueblo method of preiniring the material and of erecting niasonry, when stone was not available, is thus ile- scribed bv ('’astaneda (14th Re|). B. .U Pk, 520, 189(5): “They gather a great pile of twigs of thyme [sagebrush] and sedge grass and set it afire, and when it is half coals and ashes they throw a (|uantity of dirt and water on it and mix it all together. They make round balls of this, which they n.se instead of stones after they are dry, fixing them witli the same mixture, which comes to be like a stiff clay.” After tlu' introduction of wheat by the Spaniards the straw crushed by the hoofs of horses in stamjiing out the grain on a threshing floor was sub- stituted by the Indians for the charred brush. The character of much of the soil of the arid region is such that no for- eign admixture, excejiting the* straw, is reijnired. .A. reipiisite of adobe-making is a good supply of water; conse- seqiiently the industry is conducted gen- erally on the banks of streams, near which iHU‘blos are usually built. When molded, the adobes are set on edge to dry, slanted slightly toshed rain. Adobes vary in size, but are generally about 18 in. long, 8 to 10 in. witle, ami 4 to (5 in. tliii'k. In setting them in walls mortar of the same material is u.-Jed, as is the case with stone ma.«unry. In the S. W., where the average iirecipitation is not great, structures built of adobes last indefinitely with reasonable repair, the greatest amount <.)f disintegration being at the base of the walls during .reasons of rain, although |)rolonged .«and storms also erode the surfaces. P'or the sake of apjiearance, as well as to aid in jiroti'ct- ing it against weathering, adobe masonry is usually plasten'd (tbe Indian women using their hands as trowels), when it presents a pleasing ai>i>earance, varying in I'olor from gray to a rich reddish brown, according to the color of tin* earth of which the plaster is made. The interior walls and sometimes also tlu‘ borders of the wimlows ami dooi's are sometimes whitewashed with gypsum. Away from streams, as at Aconia, stone is usually employed for house masonry; but a noteworthy excejition is the im- mense adobe churcb at this pueblo, built by the Indians about 1699, under the direi'tion of the Spanish fathers, of mate- rial carried from the plain below, the summit of the .\coma mesa being bare rock. .Anotiu'r kind of earth-masonry in the arid region is that known as jiise. This was made by erecting a double frame- work of jioles, wattled with reeds or grass, funning two parallel surfaces as far apart as the desired thickness of the wall, and into the enclo-sed s]>aee adobe grout was rammed. In the ci-lebrated ruin of Casa (Jrande (ip v.) the frame- work was evidently built about 5 ft. long and 8 or 4 ft. wide, and when the grout became dry the franu> was moved side- ways or upward to receive tbe next course (see Mindeleff in 18th Rep. B.