Volume 1
A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers. To which are prefixed, a history of the language, and an English grammar / by Samuel Johnson.
- Samuel Johnson
- Date:
- 1755
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers. To which are prefixed, a history of the language, and an English grammar / by Samuel Johnson. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![What learn our youth abroad, but to refine The homely vices of their native land ? Dryd. Span. Friar. He who fojourns in a foreign country, refers what he fees and hears abroad, to the Hate of things at home. Atterb. Scrrn. 4. In all ditedtions, this way and that. Full in the midft of this infernal road, An elm difplays her dufky arms abroad. Dryd. Virg. AEn. vi. 5.. Without, not within. Bodies politic, being fubjedf, as much as natural, to diffo- lution, by divers means, there are undoubtedly more Hates overthrown through difeafes bred within themfelves, than through violence from abroad. Hooker, Dedication. 1 o A'BROGATE. v. a. [abrogo, Lat.] To take away from a law its force ; to repeal, to annul. Such laws, as have been made upon fpecial oceafions, which bccafions ccafing, laws of that kind do abrogate themfelves. Hooker, b. iv. § 14. The negative precepts of men may ceafe by many inftru- ments, by contrary cuftoms, by public difrelifh, by long o- miifion: but the negative precepts of God never can ceafe, but when they are exprefly abrogated by the fame authority. 'Taylor’s Rule of living holy. Abrogation. 11.f. [abrogatio, Lat.] The adt of abrogat¬ ing ; the repeal of a law. rhe commiffioners from the confederate Roman catholics, demanded the abrogation and repeal of all thofe laws, which were in force againft the exercife of the Roman religion. Clarendon, b. viii. To Abro'ok. v. a. [from To brook, with a fuperabundant, a word not in ufe.j To brook, to bear, to endure. Sweet Neil, ill can thv noble mind abrook The abjedf people gazing on thy face With envious looks, ftiil laughing at thy ftiame. Shakefpeare’s Henry VI. p. ii. ABRU'PT. adj. \abruptus, Lat.] Broken off. 1. Broken, craggy. Refiftlefs, roaring, dreadful, down it comes From the rude mountain, and the moffy wild, Tumbling through rocks abrupt. Thomfons Winter, 2. Divided, without any thing intervening. Or fpread his airy flight, Upborn wit'n indefatigable wings. Over the vaft abrupt, ere he arrive The happy ifle. Milton’s Paradife Loft, b. ii. /. 409. 3. Sudden, without the cuftomary or proper preparatives. My lady craves To know the caufe of your abrupt departure. Shakefpeare’s Henry VI. The abrupt and unkind breaking off the two firft parlia¬ ments, was wholly imputed to the duke of Buckingham. Clar. Abrupt, with eagle-fpeed (he cut the Iky; Inftant invifible to mortal eye. Then firft he recogniz’d th’ ethereal gueft. Pope’s Odyff. b. i. 4. Unconnected. The abrupt ftile, which hath many breaches, and doth not feem to end but fall. Ben. fohnfons Difcovery. Abru'pted. adj. [abruptus, Lat. a word little in ufe.] Broken off’ fuddenly. The effects of whofe atdvity are not precipitoufly abrupted, but gradually proceed to their ceffations. Brown’s Vulgar Err ours, b. vi. 10. Abruption, n. f. \abruptio, Lat.] Breaking off, violent and fudden feparation. Thofe which are inclofed in ftone, marble, or fuch other fo¬ lk! matter, being difficultly feparable from it, becaufe of its adhefion to all Tides of them, have commonly fome of that matter ftiil adhering to them, or at leaft marks of its abrup¬ tion from them, on all their Tides. Woodward’s Nat. Hijl. p. 4. Abruptly, adv. [See Abrupt.] Haftily, without the due forms of preparation. The Tweetnefs of virtue’s difpofition, jealous even over it- Telf, buffered her not to enter abruptly into queftions of Mufi- dorus. Sidney, b. ii. Now miffing from their joy To lately found, So lately found, and To abruptly gone. Par. Regain, b. ii. They both of them punctually obferved the time thus a- greed upon, and that in whatever company or bufinefs they were engaged, they left it abruptly, as Toon as the clock warned them to retire. Addifon. Spectator, N° 241. Abruptness, n.f. {from abrupt.) 1. An abrupt manner, hafte, fuddennefs, untimely vehemence. 2. The ftate of an abrupt thing; unconnedtednefs, roughnels, cragginefs. The cryftallizcd bodies found in the perpendicular intervals, are eafily known from thofe that are lodged in the ftrata. The former have always their root, as the jewellers call it, which is only the abruptnefs, at the end of the body whereby it adhered to the ftone, or Tides of the intervals ; which abruptnefs is caufed by its being broke off from the faid ftone. Woodward’s Natural Hi/lory, p. 4. APscess. {abfcejfus, Lat.] A morbid cavity in the body ; a tu¬ mour filled with matter j a term of chirurgcry. 3 If the patient is not relieved, nor dies in eight days, the in¬ flammation ends in a fuppuration and an abfeefs in the lungs, and Tometimes in Tome other part of the body. Arbutb. of Diet. Lindanus conjectured it might be Tome hidden abfeefs in the mefentery, which, breaking Tome few days after, was difeovered to be an apoftem of the mefentery. Harvey on Confumptions. To Absci'nd. v. a. To cut off, either in a natural or figura¬ tive fenfe. ABSCI'SSA. [Lat.] Part of the diameter of a conic fecticn, intercepted between the vertex and a femi-ordinate. Absci'ssion. n.f. [abfciffto, Lat.] 1. The adt of cutting oft. Fabricius ab Aquapendente renders the alfciffion of them difficult enough, and not without danger. Wfemails Surgery. 2. The ftate of being cut off. By ceffation of oracles, wfith Montacutius, we may under- Hand this intercifion, not alfciffion, or confummate defolation. Brown’s Vulgar Errors, b. vi. c. 12. To ABSCOND, v.n. {abfeondo, Lat.] To hide one’sfelf; to retire from the public view : generally ufed of perfons in debt, or criminals eluding the law. Absco'nder. n.f. [fromabfeond.) The perfon that abfeonds. ATsence. n.f. [SeeAbsent.] 1. The ftate of being abfent, oppofed to prefence. Sir, ’tis fit You have ftrong party to defend yourfelf By calmnefs, or by abfence: all’s in danger. Sbakefp. CorioL His friends beheld, and pity’d him in vain. For what advice can eafe a lover’s pain ? Abfence, the beft expedient they could find. Might fave the fortune, if not cure the mind. Dryd. Fab. 2. Want of appearance, in the legal fenfe. Abfence is of a fourfold kind or fpecies. The firft is a ne- ceffary abfence, as in banifhed perfons; this is entirely necef- fary. A fecond, neceffary and voluntary; as, upon the ac¬ count of the commonwealth, or in the fervice of the church. The third kind the civilians call a probable abfence; as, that of ftudents on the fcore of ftudy. And the fourth, an abfence entirely voluntary ; as, on the account of trade, merchandife, and the like. Some add a fifth kind of abfence, which is com¬ mitted cum dolo id culpa, by a man’s non-appearance on a cita¬ tion ; as, in a contumacious perfon, who, in hatred to his con¬ tumacy, is, by the law, in fome refpedts, reputed as a perfon prefen t. Ayliffe’s Par ergon fur is Canonici. You have given no differtation upon the abfence of lovers, nor laid down any methods how they fhould fupport them¬ felves under thofe feparations. Addifon. Spectator, N° 241. 3. Inattention, heedleffnefs, neglect of the prefent objedt. I continued my walk, refledting on the little abfences diftradtions of mankind. Addifon. Spectator, N' 4. It is ufed with the particle from. His abfence from his mother oft he’ll mourn. And, with his eyes, lookwifhesto return. Dryd.Juv.Sat.u. A'BSENT. adj. [abfens, Lat.] 1. Not prefent; ufed with the particle from. In fpring the fields, in autumn hills I love ; At morn the plains, at noon the fhady grove ; But Delia always : abfent from her fight, Nor plains at morn, nor groves at noon delight. Pope’sPajl. Where there is advantage to be given, Both more and lefs have given him the revolt j And none ferve with him but conftrained things, Whofe hearts are abfent too. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth. / Whether they were abfent or prefent, they were vexed a- _ Wifd. xi. 11. 2. Abfent in mind, inattentive; regardlefs of the prefent objedt. I diftinguifh a man that is abfent, becaufe he thinks of fome- thing elfe, from him that is abfent, becaufe he thinks of no- thing. . Addifon. Spectator, N° To Abse'nt. v. a. To withdraw, to forbear to come prefence. If thou didft ever hold me in thy heart, Abfent thee from felicity a while, And in this harfh world draw thy breath in pain. To tell my tale. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet. But if thou thmk’ft trial unfought may find Us both fecurer, than thus warn’d thou feem’ft* Go —for thy ftay, not free, abfents thee more. Milton’s Paradife Loft, b. ix. 1. 372. 1 ho I am fore d, thus to abjent my felf From all I love, I fhall contrive fome means. Some friendly intervals, to vifit thee. A . Southern’s Spartan Dame. I he Arengo, however, is ftiil called together in cafes of ex¬ traordinary importance y and if, after duefummons, anymem- bci abjents himfelf, he is to be fined to the value of about a penny Englifh, . Addifon’s Remarks on Italy. Absenta keous, adj. Relating to abfence ; abfent. Did. n. J. He that is abfent from his ftation or emplov- or country. A word ufed commonly with regard to irilhmen living out of their country. and 1 77. 77- into Absentf/e. ment. Then](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30451541_0001_0073.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
