Text-book of palaeontology / by Karl A. von Zittel ; translated and edited by Charles R. Eastman.

  • Karl Alfred von Zittel
Date:
1900
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Text-book of palaeontology / by Karl A. von Zittel ; translated and edited by Charles R. Eastman. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    52/728 (page 36)
    CLASSi posits occasionally of great thickness. Numerous representatives of the Lagenidae (Nodosaria, Dentalina, etc.), Textularidae, Jtotalidae, and even the Nummidinidae accompany the rock-building forms, and continue for the most part throughout the Permian. Except in the Alps, the Triassic is almost destitute of Foraminifera, and even the pure limestones and dolomites of the Alpine Triassic have usually become so altered by metamorphism as to render the recognition of tests well-nigh impossible. Notwithstanding, Globigerina limestone has been discovered in the Upper Triassic of the Northern Alps, and tests of Cristellaria, Margimüina, Globigerina, Textularia, Biloculina, etc., are found in the St. Cassian beds. Certain argillaceous and calcareous strata of the Lias and Jura contain vast quantities of minute, vitreo-perforate or silicious Foraminifera. In the Cretaceous, Textularia, Rotalia, Cristellaria, Globigerina, Miliola, and Coccoliths are essential constituents of the White Chalk. Individual beds of the Maestricht Chalk consist almost entirely of Calcarina remains; in the Urgo-Aptian Orb- it olina is the chief rock-builder; in the Upper Cretaceous Älveolina. The maximum development of the Foraminifera falls in the Tertiary period. Massive beds of the Eocene Calcaire Grossier occurring in the Paris basin and in the Pyrenees, and affording an excellent building material, are composed of Miliolidae remains ; other Eocene limestones consist of Älveolina, Operculina, Orbitolites, and Orbitoüles aggregations. But of far greater geological importance are the Nummulites, which occur in incredible abundance in the Eocene and Oligocene Nummulites-formations of the Mediterranean district, Asia Minor, and Eastern Asia. Düring the late Tertiary the Nummulites almost entirely disappear; only Amphistegina continues as an occasional rock-builder, and from the middle and later Tertiary on, the Foraminifera fauna remains very nearly the same as now.1 1 [Additional references to the Literature on Protozoa: Soldani, A., Testaceographia ac Zoopliytographia, etc., 1789. Fichtel und Moll, Testacea microscopia aliaque minuta ex generibus Argonauta et Nautilus, 1S03. Dujardin, F., Observations sur les Rhizopodes (Comptes Rendus), 1835. Olaparede et Lachmann, Etudes sur les Infusoires et les Rhizopodes, 1858-59. Parker and Jones, Nomenclature of the Foraminifera (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.), 1858-75. Terquem, 0., Memoires sur les Foraminiferes du Lias (Möm. de l’Acad. Imp. de Metz), 1858-66. Williamsou, W. C., On the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, 1858. Müller, J-, Ueber die Thalassicolen, Polycystiueu.und Acantliometren (Abhandl. Berliner Akad.), 185S. Peitss, E. A., Entwurf einer systematischen Zusammenstellung der Foraminiferen, 1861. Jones, Parker, and Brady, Monograph of the Foraminifera of the Crag, 1868. Ehrenberg, C. G., Mikrogeologische Studien über das kleinste Leben der Meeres-Tiefgrunde, etc. (Abhandl. Berliner Akad.), 1872. Zittel, K. A. von, Ueber fossile Radiolarien der oberen Kreide (Zeitschr. d. deutsch, geol. Gesellsch.), 1876. Leidy, ./., Fresliwater Rhizopods of North America (Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Territ. vol. XII.), 18(9. Duniboxcski, E. von, Die Spongien, Radiolarien, und Foraminiferen der Unter-Liasischen Schichten von Schafburg (Denkschr. Wiener Akad.), 1882. Brandt, K., Die koloniebildenden Radiolarien (Sphaerozoceu) des Golfes von Neapel, 1885. Häusler, B., Monographie der Foraminiferen - Fauna der schweizerschen Transversarius - Zone (Abhandl. der Schweiz, paliiont. Gesellsch.), 1890. Pemer, Ueber die Foraminiferen des böhmischen Ceuomans. Palaeontographica Bohemica No. 1 (Abhandl. der k. böhm. Gesellsch. der Wissen. II. Classe), 1892. Sherborn, C. D., Index to the Genera and Species of the Foraminifera (Smithsonian Mise. Coli. vol. XXXVII.),’ 1893-95. „ Very extensive bibliographies are contained in the works of Carpenter and Brady, cited on p. 19. Reference may also be made here to the exliaustive bibliography of the Sponges, which will be found in the monograpbs of Hinde and Rauff, cited on p. 42. Trans.]