Volume 1

A dictionary of Christian antiquities : being a continuation of the 'Dictionary of the Bible' / edited by William Smith and Samuel Cheetham ; illustrated by engravings on wood.

Date:: [between 1890 and 1899?]

Credit: A dictionary of Christian antiquities : being a continuation of the 'Dictionary of the Bible' / edited by William Smith and Samuel Cheetham ; illustrated by engravings on wood. Source: Wellcome Collection.

1061/1096 (page 1041)

$i^OCULUS CHistor. EeVg. c. xiii, 3) records that Flavian, another bishop of Antioch, sent for Macedonius, a famous monk out of the neighbouring desert, and having ordained him a presbyter against his will, allowed him to return. it is evident that even these exceptions are more apparent than real; that the rule of localis was absolute, and w-^as strictly observed. It extended also to bishops. No bishop was to be consecrated, except to a particular diocese, and to that he was to confine himself. We find the 1st Council of Nicaea (can. 15) recognising this fact in the plainest manner, and applying it to all the clergy, bishops, priests, or deacons. The above refers to clergy obtaining these re- movals, so to speak, by fair means: can. 16 of the same council deals with the case of presby- ters and deacons breaking the rule of localis altogether lawlessly. Justinian promulgated a law (Novell, lib. iv. c. 2) forbidding bishops to be absent from their dioceses more than a year, except by command of the emperor. The 3rd of Carthage (397) forbids (can. 38) the transla- tion of bishops; and this canon recites the case w^hich formed its occasion, viz. that Cresconius, bishop of Villa Regia, had left his see, and settled himself over that of Tubunae, contrary to the rule. For a bishop might not be transferred from his original see without the approval of a provincial synod (iv. Carth. can. 27, which no doubt embodies an earlier rule). Yet even here we find some exceptions. Sozo- meu (Hist. Eccles. vi. c. 34) relates that Barses and Eulogius, monks of Edessa, and Lazarus, a monk of Mount Sigoron, were raised to be bishops, not of any diocese, but purely and simply as an honour, ov TrdAea's rivhs, ak\a TijuLrjs eVeKev. These appear, however, to be the only cases expressly recorded of a honorary episcopate, until a much later period. In the 2ad Council of M^con (a.d. 58.')) there were three bishops present who subscribed the acts of the council “non habentes sedes.” The Council of Vermeria [Verberie, dioc. Soissons] (a.d. 752) complains of the number of bishops, and refuses to recognise the ordinations performed by them (can. 14), and three years after (a.d. 755) one at Verneville appealed to such bishops not to ordain in the dioceses of others (can. 13). For the case of the chorepiscopi, or assistant bishops, see Chorepiscopus. Their want of title and jur...diction in the Western Church was, in the reign of Charlemagne, held to be fatal to their episcopal character, “ nam episcopi non erant, q: . nec ad quandam epi- scopalem sedem titulati erant, nec canonic^ a tribus episcopis ordinati.” The whole class were therefore to be recognised as ])resbyters only, and their ordinations were to be disallowed “pro inanibus vacuisque habitae.” [S. J. E.] LOCULUS. [Catacombs, I. 306.] LOCUTORIUM. [Parlour.] LOGIUM. [Rationale ] LOGLIORG UE, martyr, commemorated May 4 (Hieron. Mart.). [C. H.] LOIS, grandmother of Timothy, commemo- rated July 27 (Arm. Cal.). [C. H.] LOMANUS, bishop of Trim, commemorated LORD 1041 with bishop Fortchern Feb. 17 (Boll. Acta SS. Feb. iii. 13). [C. H.l LONDON, COUNCIL OF (Londinense Con- cilium), A.D. 605 or thereabouts, according to Mansi (x. 495), following Spelman and Wilkins, who mistook a general assertion of St. Boniface for one. (Stubbs’s Wilkins, notes to pp. 51-2.) [E. S. Ff.] LONGI (Ma/cpof). A name by which some Egyptian monks were known, who were con- cerned in the dispute between Theophilus of Alexandria and St. John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople (Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. lib. vi. c. 30). He explains that the appellative applied only to three brothers, Ammonius, Eusebius, and Dioscorus, who were remarkably tall. [S. J. E.] LONGINUS (1) Said to have been the soldier who pierced the Lord’s side. His martyrdom at Caesarea in Cappadocia was commemorated March 15 (Hieron. Mart. : Usuard, Mart. ; Boll. Acta SS. March, ii. 384). In the Vet. Rom. Mart, he occurs under Sept. 1, and in the of Bede under March 15 and Nov. 22. Under the latter date a person of the same name, but otherwise not designated, occurs as suffering in Cappadocia (Hieron. Mart.). (2) Said to have been the centurion who stood by the cross, martyr, commemorated Oct. 16 (Byzant. Cal.; Basil, Meno .; Daniel, Cod. Liturg. iv. 271). The Bollandists make Longinus the soldier and Longinus the centurion both martyred at Caesarea in Cappadocia and both commemo- rated on March 15 (Acta SS. March, ii. 384). In Bede’s Auctaria, Oct. 23, occurs a Longinus who suffered at Caesarea in Cappadocia. (3) Soldier and martyr at Marseille, comme- morated July 21 (Bede, Auct.). (4) Martyr in Africa, commemorated Sept. 28 (Hieron. Mart.). [C. H.] LONGUS (1) Martyr at Rome, commemo- rated Oct. 2 (Hieron. Mart.). (2) Martyr in Phrygia, commemorated Oct. 27 (Hieron. Mart.). [C. H.] LOQUUMFAS, female martyr at Barcelona, commemorated Feb. 15 (Hieron. Mart.). [C. H.] LORD (Kvpios, SetnroTns, Dorninus). On the Old Testament (LXX) usage of these several words, see Dict. of the Bible, art. Lord. 1. Homines, see under that heaJipg in vol. i. H. Kvpios is a general title ot respect, and, when employed in the vocative, exactly like Sir in English (St. John iv . 11, xii. 21). AecTTroTrjs is employed sometimes in the same connexion : the use of domirus in later times is exactly similar. AeairSTtfs, Kvpios, and dominns are bestowed upon bishops. In a letter from Eusebius of Nicomedia to Paulinus, bishop of Tyre, we find him styling his correspondent lord (Kvpios). This was probably an excess of adulation. The Prooemium to the acts of the 1st ConnciV of Arles (a.d. 314) speaks of pope Sylvester as “Lord” (Dorninus). Similarly the epistle of the synod at Gangra (324) sjieaks to the bishops of Armenia, as “ dominis houoi’abilibus consacer-$