Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    608/646 (page 594)
    CHI PM AN milted, in 742 A.D., to assume the name and form of roy- alty by Pepin le Bref and Carloman, but was deposed by them about 750, and died in a monastery a few years later. Chil'ders, (Hugh Culling Eardley,) an English politician, boin in London in 1827, graduated at Cam- bridge in 1850. He was returned to Parliament for Pon- tefract in i860, and became a lord of the admiralty in 1864. From August, 1865, to June, 1866, he was finan- cial secretary to the treasury, and in December, 1868, he was appointed first lord of the admiralty. Four years later he was made chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. He took office in Mr. Gladstone’s administration of 1880 as secretary of state for war, and in December, 1882, became chancellor of the exchequer. In February, 1886, he again took office as Mr. Gladstone’s home secretary. Chil'dren, (John George,) an English chemist and electrician, bom at Tunbridge in 1777. He constructed a galvanic battery, with plates of extraordinary size, by which he demonstrated that the quantity of electricity is in proportion to the size of the plates, while its intensity depends on the number of plates. He was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1807. Died in 1852. Childs, (George W.,) an American publisher, was bom in Balumore in 1829. He came to Philadelphia at an early age, and about 1849 became a member of a publishing firm afterwards known as that of Childs & Peterson. In 1864 he became the proprietor of the “ Public Ledger,” which has been very successful under his able management. Chil'llng-worth, (William,) a celebrated English writer and divine of the Arminian school of theology, was born at Oxford in 1602. His father, of the same name, was mayor of Oxford. At college he was noted for his subtlety and acuteness as a disputant in theology. About 1630 he was converted to the dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church by a Jesuit, John Fisher, alias John Perse, and entered the Jesuit College at Douay. But by the agency of Laud, then Bishop of London, he was restored to the Protestant communion, and he re- turned to Oxford in 1631. In 1637 he published his great work, “The Religion of Protestants a Safe Way to Sal- vation,” in answer to a Jesuit named Knott. Although he had scruples against some of the Thirty-Nine Articles, he was induced to subscribe to that creed as a bond of peace and union, and was made chancellor of Salisbury and prebendary of Brixworth. He was a zealous roy- alist in the civil war. In 1643 he was taken prisoner, and, while thus detained, died, in January, 1644. Lord Mansfield esteemed Chillingworth “a perfect model of argumentation.” Tillotson styled him “ the incom- parable Chillingworth, the glory of this age and nation.” “His chief excellence,” says Hallam, “is the close rea- soning which avoids every dangerous admission,” etc. “ His work may be understood and appreciated without reference to any other,—the condition perhaps of real superiority in all productions of the mind.” (“ Intro- duction to the Literature of Europe.”) „ See Des Maizeaux, “Life of Chillingworth,” 1725; Dr. Birch, Life of Chillingworth,” prefixed to his works, 1742 ; “ Retrospective Review, ’ vol. vu., 1823: August Neander, “Erinnerung an den evangelischen Gottesgelehrten W. Chillingworth,” Berlin, 4to, 1832; K.IPPIS, “Biographia Britannica.” CMFmead, (Edmund,) an English scholar, born in Gloucestershire about 1610. He was chaplain of Christ Church, Oxford, from 1632 to 1648. He wrote a Latin treatise “On Ancient Greek Music,” and translated several works from the French and Spanish into English. Died in 1653. ■ChFlo or -eiii'lon, [Gr. XI Acav or XelAwu,] a Spartan, who is reckoned as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. He became one of the ephori of Sparta in 556 b.c., and died of joy caused by the victory of his son at the Olympic games. His recorded maxims jus- tify his reputation for wisdom. See Diogenes Laertius ; J. F. Buddeus, “ Disscrtatio de Ethica Chiloms,” Halle, 1699. Chilperic,chll'p?r-ik, [Fr. pron. sh61'p.Vr6k',j I., King of the Franks, was the youngest son of Clotaire I. After the death of his father he obtained the kingdom of Sois- sons in 561 a.d. He married the ambitious and wicked I reddgonde, and waged war with his brothers Sigebert and Gontran. Ancient writers called him the Nero and Herod of his times. He was assassinated in 584, at the age of forty-five, and left an infant son, Clotaire II. Chilpdric IL, King of France, the son of Childeric II., was born about 670 a.d. After passing his youth in a monastery, he was proclaimed king in 715. He was de- feated in battle in 718 by his rival, Charles Martel, who permitted him to act the part of rot fainiant until he died in 720. He left a son, who was Childeric IIL See Augustin Thierey, “ RAiu des Temps Mfe-ovingieu*.” Chimaera, ke-mee'ra, [Gr. Xi/zeupa; Fr. Chimere, she’maik',] a fire-breathing monster of the Greek my- thology, having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. According to Hesiod, she was a daughter of Typhon, and was killed by Bellerophon. Chimay, de, deh she'rn^', (Jeanne '.Marie I on ace Tii£r£se de Cabarrus—deh ki'bi'riis',) Princess, born at Madrid or Saragossa in 1773, was the daughter of Count Cabarrus, noticed in this work. She was mar- ried in 1789 to the Marquis de Fontenay, a French lawyer. Having parted from him, she was going to Spain, to live with her father, in 1793, but at Bordeaux was im- prisoned by the terrorists. There her dazzling beauty, her grace and wit, fascinated Tallien, the dreaded repre- sentative of the Convention, the arbiter of life and death. Her influence over him rescued many persons from the scaffold and the prisons. In 1794 she herself was im- prisoned in Paris, where Josephine Beauharnais was her fellow-captive. Tallien, who then owned her as his wife, stimulated by her peril, conspired with success against Robespierre. On the fall of the latter she was released. Madame Tallien became the friend of Madame Bona- parte, and her salon was one of the most fashionable in Paris. She was divorced from Tallien in 1802, and mar- ried, in 1805, Count de Caraman, who soon after became Prince de Chimay. She had children by each of her husbands. Died in 1835. See Thiers, “History of the French Revolution;” Madakb d'Abrantes, “ Mdmoires.” Chimay, de, deh she'm.V, (Joseph Philippe Fran- cois Riquet de Caraman—re'ki' deh kiVifinSN',) Prince, a distinguished Belgian diplomatist,bom in 1808. Chimere. See Chimera. Chiminello, ke-me-nel'lo, (Vincenzo,) an Italian natural philosopher, born at Marostica in 1741, lived at Padua. Died in 1815. Cliinard, she'ntR', (Joseph,) a French sculptor, bom at Lyons in 1756, studied in Italy, and in 1786 won a prize offered at Rome for a “ Perseus liberating Andro- meda.” He returned to Lyons about 1790. Among his works are admired busts of General Desaix, of Napo- leon, etc. He had much facility, richness of imagination, and good taste. Died in 1813. See Jean Baptiste Dumas, “Notice sur J. Chinard,” 1814. Chinchon, chin-chin', commonly but incorrectly written Cinchon, Countess of, was the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru. On her return to Spain, in 1632, she introduced the Peruvian bark, which she had found to be efficacious in fevers. To perpetuate the remembrance of this important service, Linnaeus gave to that plant the name of Cinchona. See Sebastian Badus, “Anastasis Cortids Peruvian!, seu Chin* Defensio,” Genoa, 1661. Cliingiz. See Jengis. Chiniac de la Bastide-Duclaux, she'ne'tk' deh li bSs'tid’ du/klo,) (Pierre,) a French writer and lawyer, born at Alassac in 1741. He published an Essay on Moral Philosophy,” (ijvols., 1802.) Died soon after iSoo. Chin-Koung.' See Shin-Koong. Chiocco, ke-ok'ko, (Andrea,) an Italian physician, born at Verona, wrote a work on natural history, called “ Museum Francisci Calccolarii Junioris,” (1622,) and “ Philosophical and Medical Inquiries.” Died in 1624. Chiodini. See Claudini. •Chl'on, | Xi'wi’,] a Greek philosopher of Heraclea, lived about 350 B.c., and was a disciple of Plato. Chip'man, (Daniel,) a jurist, born in Salisbury, Connecticut, in 1762. He wrote an “Essay on the Law of Contracts,” (1822.) Died in 1850. Chipman, (Nathaniel,) a jurist, a brother of the preceding, was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, in 1752. He became chief justice of Vermont in 1789, judge of