Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    B.c. gained another great victory, at the mouth of the Euryinedon, in Pamphylia, where he sunk or captured two hundred ships. On the same day he defeated an army on land, and thus effectually humbled the power of Persia. At home he made a munificent use of his riches, and improved Athens by planting trees, building walls from the city to the Piraeus, etc. He opposed the attempts of 'l’hemistocles and Pericles to increase the power of the people. In the year 461 he was exiled by ostracism for ten years, but was recalled in 456, with the concurrence of his rival Pericles. In 449 he obtained command of a large fleet destined for Egypt; but he first besieged Citium, in Cyprus, where he died in that year. According to most authors, he died a natural death. He was a liberal conservative in politics, and left the reputa- tion of an honest and able statesman. His life has been written by Plutarch, who draws a comparison between him and Lucullus. Seei also, Grote, “History of GreeceThirlwall, “ History of Greece;” Cornelius Nepos, “Cimon;” Diodorus Siculus, books xi. and xii.; C. T. H. Lucas, “ Versuch einer Charakteristik Cimou’s,” 1835. Qimon [Ki/xoiv] of Cleon®, a celebrated Greek painter, who lived about 700 B.C. Pliny attributes to him an invention which he calls “ catagrapha,” and which he explains by these words: “hoc est, obliquas imagines.” By this some understand foreshortening. Qin'a-don, [Gr. Kivaduv,] the leader of a conspiracy against the Spartan oligarchy, was put to death by the ephori in 397 B.C. Cinamus. See Cinnamus. Cinchon. See Chinchon. Cincinato. See Cincinnato. Cincinnato, ch&n-ch&n-nl'to, or Cincinato, ch6n- che-na'to, (Romulo or Romolo,) an Italian painter, born at Florence about 1525. He was employed many years by Philip II. of Spain, for whom he painted beautiful frescos in the Escurial. His “Circumcision,” at Cuenca, is a celebrated picture. Died in Madrid about 1600. His son, Diego Romulo, was a successful portrait- painter. Died in Rome in 1626. See Lanzi, “History of Painting in Italy.” Cin-cin-na'tus, (Lucius Quintus,) a celebrated Roman patriot, patrician, and dictator, born about 520 B.C. Having reduced himself to poverty by paying a fine for his son, he was cultivating with his own hands a small farm, when he was chosen consul in 457 B.C. He was a strenuous opponent of the plebeian party. At the end of his official term he returned to his former employment. The Romans, having been unfortunate in war with the Asqui, chose Cincinnatus dictator about the year 456 B.C. He gained a decisive victory, and then abdicated the dictatorship, which he had held only fifteen days. About the age of eighty he again reluc- tantly acted as dictator, on the occasion of the treason of Spurius Melius, who was promptly defeated and slain. Niebuhr is skeptical as to the cause of his poverty above assigned. See Livv, “ History of Rome;” Niebuhr, “History of Rome.” Cincius Alimentus, (Lucius.) See Alimentus. Qin'e-as, [Gr. Ktrtaf,j a Thessalian orator and nego- tiator, studied rhetoric under Demosthenes, and was re- nowned for eloquence. He visited Epirus, and became a favourite minister of King Pyrrhus, with whom he held a well-known conversation respecting his ambitious projects. After Pyrrhus had gained a victory over the Romans (280 b.c.) he sent Cineas to Rome to negotiate an alliance with them; but his art was baffled by Appius Claudius. On his return he reported to Pyrrhus that the senate appeared to him like an assembly of kings. He was living in 278 B.c., after which he is not mentioned in history. See Plutarch, “ Life of Pyrrhus. Cinelli Calvoli, che-nel'lee kll-vo'lee, (Giovanni,) an Italian physician, born at Florence in 1625. Having free access to the library of the grand duke, he made researches in literary history, the results of which ap- peared in his “ Biblioteca Volantc,” (1678-82,) which consists of the titles of rare and fugitive works, with notes by the editor. Died in 1706. See Cagliardi, “Vitadi G. Cinelli Calvoli,” 1736. Ql-ne'sl-aa, [Kivr)oiat,\ an Athenian dithyrambic poet, lived about 400 B.c. Cingaroli, cbfen-gl-ro'lee, (Martino,) an Italian painter, born at Verona in 1667, produced admirable landscapes with figures. Died in 1729. Cin-^et'o-rix, a chief of the Treviri,noticed in Caesar’s “Commentaries,” (“Hello Gallico,” lib. v.) Cini, chee'nee, (Giovanni Battista,) an Italian writer of dramas, poems, etc., born at Florence about 1530. Cin'na, (C. Helvius,) a Roman poet, was a com- panion and friend of Catullus, who admired his poetry. He is supposed to be the Cinna favourably mentioned by Virgil in his ninth Eclogue. His chief work was an epic poem called “ Smyrna,” of which only a few lines are extant We are not informed what the subject of this poem was. On the day of the funeral of Julius Cassar, (44 B.c.,) Cinna, though a friend of the dictator, was killed by a Roman mob which met him in the street and mistook him for L. Cornelius Cinna, an accomplice of Brutus. See Suetonius, “ De illnstribus GrammaticsAppian, “ Beilum Civile;” August Weichert, “Commentationes II. de C. H. Cuuia Poeta,” 1822-23. Cinna, (Lucius Cornelius,) a Roman demagogue of patrician rank, who, as the partisan of Marius, acted a prominent part in the civil war between the latter and Sulla. Having been elected consul (665 A.U.C.) in 86 or 87 B.c., he attempted to reinstate Marius, who was in exile. A fight between the two parties resulted in the expulsion of Cinna from the city. While Sulla was absent in Asia, Cinna raised an army and besieged Rome in concert with Marius, who had just returned from Africa. Having become masters of the city, they massacred a large number of the opposite party. Cinna was again chosen consul with Marius, and was about to lead an army against Sulla returning from the Mithridatic war, when he was killed by his mutinous soldiers in 668 A.U.C, or 84 B.c. His daughter Cornelia became the wife of Julius Ctesar. See Livv, “ History of RomePlutarch, “Pompey,” “Ma- rius,” and “ Sylla.” Cinna, (L. Cornelius,) a son of the preceding, was a brother-in-law of the dictator Caesar, and a son-in-law of Pompey the Great. He was chosen praetor in 44 B.c, and was privy to the conspiracy against Caesar in that year. His son Cn. Cornelius Cinna was a partisan of Antony in his contest with Octavius, but was pardoned by the latter, and was chosen consul in 5 B.c. Qin'iia-mus, written also Cinamus or Sinnamus, (Joannes,) [Gr. ’louwiyf Kiwafioc or SiVvauof; Fr. Cin- name, se'nlm',] an able Byzantine historian and states- man, who flourished between 1140 and 11S0. He ivas an imperial notary of Manuel Comnenus, whom he ac- companied in his military expeditions. As a historian he is considered to have surpassed all his contemporaries. His History (in Greek) comprises the reigns of Calo- Joannes and his successor, Manuel Comnenus, and the period from 1118 to 1176. It displays great political knowledge and considerable critical ability. See Fabricius, “ Bibliotheca Graica,” Cino da Pistoia, chee'no dl pis-to'yl, a noted Ital- ian jurist and poet, whose family name was Sinibai.DI, was born at Pistoia in 1270. He published in 1314 a com- mentary on the Code, which had a great reputation, and afterwards professed civil law at Perugia and Florence. He wrote verses in praise of a lady named Selvaggia, and was reputed one of the best poets of his time. He was a friend of Dante. Died about 1326. See OiNGUENtf, “ Histoirc Litterairc d’ltalie S. Ciampi, “ Me- moria della Vita di Cino da Pistoja,” 1S0S. Cinq-Arbres or Cinquarbres, slNk'ilRbR', (Jean,) a French Orientalist, born at Aurillac. He translated some works of Avicenna into I^atin, (2 vols., 1572,) and taught Hebrew in Paris. Died in 1587. Cinq-Mars, de, dgh sANk'mSRss', (II enry Coiffier do Ruze—kwl'fe-1'dch rii'z.V,) Marquis, a French cour- tier, a son of Antoine, Marquis d’Effiat, (d&'fe't',) born in 1620. He became a favourite of Louis XIII., and was made grand equerry of France at the age of nineteen. Richelieu, hoping to find in him a compliant instrument, favoured his promotion at first; but they soon became