Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    623/646 (page 609)
    rivals and enemies. On a charge of complicity in the treasonable designs of Gaston, the king’s brother, Cinq- Mars was executed in 1642. See Alfred dk Vigny, “Cinq-Mars, ou une Conjuration,” 1826; Capkfigl’e, “ Richelieu, Mazarin, la Fronde,” etc., 8 vols. 1836; * Blackwood’s Magazine” for February, 1820. Cinquarbres. See Cinq-Arbres. Cintra, de, di s&n'tRS, (Gon<;alo,) a Portuguese navigator, discovered the Bay of Cintra, on the coast of Africa. Died in 1445. Ciofano, cho-fa'no, (Ercole,) an Italian poet and critic, born at Sulmona, wrote admired “Commentaries on the Works of Ovid,” (1575,) and other short works. Cionacci, cho-nit'chee, (Francesco,) an Italian writer, born at Florence in 1633 ; died in 1714. done, (Andrea.) See Orcagna. dpelli. See Egnazio. dpierre, de, deh se'pe-aiR', (Philibert de Mar- silly—deh mtR'se'ye',) Seigneur, a French general who served in the Catholic army in the civil war, (1562.) He was governor of the king’s son, who became Charles IX. De Thou represents him as an able general and a good man. Died in 1566. See De Thou, 44 Histoire Universelle.” dpriani, che-pRe-d'nee, (Giovanni Battista,) a skilful Italian artist, born at Florence about 1730. He removed to London about 1755, after which he devoted himself principally to engraving. He was one of the first members of the Royal Academy of London. His paintings are not numerous. His designs, engraved partly by himself and partly by Bartolozzi, are admired for correctness and grace. Among his engravings are “The Death of Cleopatra,” after Cellini, and a “De- scent from the Cross,” after Van Dyck. Died in 1785. See Lanzi, “History of Painting in Italy.” 5ir'9e, [Ki'pxj?,] a sorceress of the Greek mythology, celebrated for her skill in magic arts, was said to be a daughter of the Sun. She lived on the island /Eaea, and tempted voyagers with a beverage which transformed those who drank it into swine. (See the “Odyssey,” book x.) Circignano, ch4R-ch4n-y3'no, or Circignani, chiit- ch4n-y£'nee, (NiccoLd,) a painter, born at Pomerance, in Tuscany, in 1516, was called IL Pomerancio. He painted some halls of the Vatican. His manner was grand, his design pure and correct. Died about 1590. His son, Antonio, was an able painter. He worked at Rome with his father. Died about 1620. Cirillo, che-rH'lo, (Domenico,) an Italian physician and savant of great .merit, born at Grugno in 1734. In his youth he accompanied Lady Walpole to England, and was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society of Lon- don. On his return to Italy he became professor of medicine and an eminent practitioner in Naples. He published an excellent work on botanical philosophy, “Fundamenta Botanica,” (1771,) which displays great knowledge of physiology; a Flora of the Kingdom of Naples, (“Plantarum rariorum Regni Neapolitan!,” 1788-93,) and several other scientific and medical treat- ises. In 1799 he was chosen a legislator in the new Parthenopean republic; but the royalists recovered power, and he was put to death in the same year. The king offered him his life if he would beg for pardon; but this he refused, saying that he did not fear death. See “Nouvellc Biographie Giimtrale.” Cirillo, (Niccoi.6,) born in Naples in 1671, became professor of medicine in that city in 1706. He wrote a “ Memoir on Earthquakes,” published in the London “Philosophical Transactions.” Died in 1734. Ciro, the Italian of Cyrus, which see. Ciro Ferri. See Ferri, (Ciro.) Ciruelo, the-roo-a'lo, (Pedro,) a Spanish mathema- tician and writer, born in Aragon, was one of the pre- ceptors of Philip II. Died about 1550. Cisinge, de, deh se'z&Nzh', (Jean,) commonly called, in Latin, Ja'nus Panno'nius, a Latin poet, born in Hungary in 1434. At the age of twenty-six he was chosen Bishop of Fiinf kirchen. His poems have passed through many editions. Died in 1472. Cisner, tsis'ner, (Nicholas,) a German historian, born at Morbach in 1529. He became professor of law at Heidelberg, and was afterwards councillor of the im- perial court at Spire for fourteen years. He wrote good Latin verses, ancl published historical works, among which is an edition of Krantz’s “ History of Saxonv ” Died in 1583. 3 See N icitiiON, “Mdmoires. Cisneros. See Ximenes, Cardinal. . r- Cjtois,se'twV, [Lat. Cito'sius,](Fran9ois,) a French medical writer, born at Poitiers in 1572; died in 1652. Citolini, che-to-lee'nee, (Alessandro,) an Italian poet, born at Seravalla about 1520. Citri de la Guette, se’cRe’ deh 13 get, an author whose nationality is unknown, lived about 1680-1700. He published in Paris several esteemed works, viz., “History of the Conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin,” (1679,) “History of the Two Triumvirates,” (1681,) and “ History of the Conquest of Mexico,” translated from the Spanish, (1691.) Cittadella. See Lombardi, (Alfonso.) Cittadella, chit-ti-del'13, (Giovanni,) Count, an Italian historian, born at Padua in 1806. His principal work is a “History of the Domination [of the family] of Carrara,” (“ Storia della Dominazione Carrarese,” 1842.) Cittadini, ch4t-ta-dee'nee, (Celso,) one of the most learned Italian writers of his time, born in Rome in 1553, published a “Treatise on the Origin and Progress of our Language,” “ Rime Platoniche del Celso Cittadini,” (“Platonic Rhymes,” etc.,) and other works. Died in 1627. See “Vita di C. Cittadini,” prefixed to his works by G. Gigli, Rome, 1721. Cittadini, (Pietro Francesco,) an Italian painter, born at Milan about 1615, and surnamed il Milanese, was a pupil of Guido. After painting a few historical pieces, which gave promise of high excellence, he re- nounced that branch of art, and confined himself to easel- pictures of animals, flowers, fruit, etc. Died in 1681. See Lanzi, “ History of Painting in Italy.” iva. See Siva. iverchio, che-v?R'ke-o, (Vincenzo,) an Italian painter and engraver, called il Vecchio di Crema, (41 vek'ke-o dee kRa'mii,) was born at Crema, and flourished about 1500-30. He worked mostly at Milan. See Vasari, “Lives of tile Painters.” Civiale, se've'tl', (Jean,) a French physician, born at Thiezac (Cantal) in 1792. He distinguished himself by discoveries or improvements in the operation of li- thotrity, and published several works on that specialty, among which is a “Treatise on the Calculous Disease,” (“Traite de 1’Affection calculeuse,” 1838.) He was elected to the Institute in 1847. Died in June, 1867. Cl-vi'lis, (Claudius,) a chief of the Batavi, who served twenty-five years in the Roman army, and was converted into an enemy of Rome by the unjust execution of his brother, Julius Paulus, and the ill treatment of himself. His remarkable heroism and exploits are elaborately described by Tacitus, who devotes to the subject a large part of the last two books of his history. While Vitel- lius and Vespasian contended for the empire of Rome, some partisans of the latter persuaded Civilis to make a show of insurrection, in order to detain in Gaul the Roman army, which was mostly favourable to Vitellius. Having raised a large force, 69 A.D., he rebelled in earnest, was joined by many Germans and Gauls, gained several victories, and was hailed as the liberator of his country. Vespasian sent another army, under Cerealis, who, after defeating Civilis in battle, induced him, by a promised amnesty, to desist from hostilities, in 70 a.d. The history of Tacitus ends abruptly in the midst of a speech of Civilis, in his interview with Cerealis, on a bridge across the Vahalis or Nabalia. “There is,” says Motley, “more than a fanciful resemblance between Civilis and William the Silent,—two heroes of ancient German stock.” (“ Rise of the Dutch Republic,” vol. i.) See, also, “ Levensgescliiedenis van C. Civilis,” the Hague, 1841; J. Marchal, “Notice sur l’Insurrection de Civilis,” 1S46. Civitali, che-ve-ti'lee, (Mattf.o,) an eminent Italian sculptor, born at Lucca about 1435. He was a barber until he had attained the age of thirty, after which he became so skilful in art that his works were compared to those of Michael Angelo. He worked in Lucca and jU. C*T1