Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Genoa, the cathedral of which contains several statues by him. Died about 1500. See Vasari, Lives of the Painters and Sculptors.” Civoli. See Cigoli. Claessou, klis'son, (Arnold,) a Dutch painter, born at Leyden in 1498; died in 1564. Clag'ett, (Nicholas,) D.D., an English divine, born in 1654, became Archdeacon of Sudbury in 1693. He published “Truth Defended,” in answer to Whiston, and other works. Died in 1726. Clagett, (William,) D.D., born in 1646, wrote many theological works, chiefly controversial. Died in 1688. Clag'gett, (John Thomas,) born in Prince George county, Maryland, in 1742, became in 1792 the first Episcopalian bishop in that State. Died in 1818. Clai or Clay, k!T, [Lat. Cla'jus,] (Johann,) a Ger- man poet and philologist, born at Herzberg, Saxony, about 1533. He was professor of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew in several colleges in Saxony and Silesia. Among his chief works are a “ Grammar of the German Language,” the best that had then appeared, and “Al- kumistica,” (1586,) a poem against the alchemists, prized as a monument of early German poetry. Died in 1592. See Gottsched, “Kritische Beitrage.” Claiborne, kla'burn, (William C. C.,) an American statesman, born in Virginia, became Governor of Mis- sissippi Territory in 1801, and in 1803 Governor-General and Intendant of Louisiana. Died in 1817, aged forty-two. See “National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans,” vol. iv. Clairac, de, deh kli'rik', (Louis Andr£ de la Ma- mie,) a French writer and engineer, born about 1690. He wrote a “ History of the Revolutions of Persia,” and a “Treatise on Fortification.” Died in 1750. Clairault, See Clairaut. Clairaut or Clairault, kli'ro', (Alexis Claude,) an eminent French geometer, born in Paris in 1713. About the age of ten he mastered L’Hopital’s analysis of “ In- finitesimals,” (“ Infiniment Petits,”) and in his thirteenth year presented to the Academy of Sciences a Memoir on Four Remarkable Curves. In 1731 he produced his “ Researches on Curves of Double Curvature.” Though under the regular age, he was admitted into the Academy of Sciences in the same year. He assisted Maupertuis in measuring a degree of the meridian in Lapland in 1735, and published in 1743 his “Theory of the Figure of the Earth.” His “ Theory of the Moon derived from the Simple Principle of Attraction” (1750) is another of his titles to celebrity as the successor of Newton. He was the first who applied the theory of Newton to esti- mate the perturbing influence of planets on the motions of comets. Aided by Lalande and others in his immense calculations of the action of Jupiter and Saturn, he pre- dicted the return of Halley’s comet in 1759, and missed the exact time by about twenty-two days,—part of this error being caused by the action of Uranus, then un- known. For this grand demonstration he had prepared the formulas with the simplicity and clearness which characterize all his works. He published in 1760 a “ Theory of the Motion of Comets.” In addition to the books which we have named, he published two admirable works, entitled “Elements of Geometry” and “Elements of Algebra.” Died in 1765. See QurtKAKi), “La France Litteraire“Biographie Univer- selle;” “Nouvelle Biographie Gtinerale.” Claird, kli'ri', (Martin,) a French poet, born in 1612, wrote elegant Latin hymns. Died in 1690. Clairfait See Clerfayt. Clairfontaine, de, deh kl&R'faN't&n', (Pierre Andr£ Peloux—peh-loo',) a French dramatist, born in Paris in 1727. He composed about 1750 the tragedy of “ Hec- tor,” the style of which is admired. Died in 1788. Clairon, kl^'r^N', (Mademoiselle Claire Josephs Leyria de la Tude, l&'re' d?h It tiid,) a famous French actress, born near Conde (Flanders) in 1723. She made her dibut at the Opera of Paris in 1743, and before the end of that year at the Comedie Frat^aise, where her success was complete. She retired from the stage in 1765, and died in 1803, leaving a volume of “Memoirs,” (1799.) Sec Lbmontby. Notice «ur Mile. Clairon,” 1823; Nouvelle Biographie Giinirale 1 “ Fraser’s Magaiine” for September, 1853. Clairval, kl&iCvtl', the assumed name of Jean Bap- tiste Guignard, (zh&N bip'tfcst' gtn'ytk',) a popular French actor, Irorn at Etampes in 1735. He performed in Paris from 17J8 to 1792. Died in 1795. Clairville, kl&it'vfcl', (Louis Francois Nicola if.,) a French dramatist, born at Lyons in 1811. He has pro- duced a great numlrer of successful farces, vaudevilles, etc., among which are “Clarissa Harlowe,” (1846,) “The Bourgeois of Paris,” (1850,) and “The Side-Scenes (Cou- lisses) of Life,” (1852.) Claissens, kl&'s6.N', (Antoine,) a Flemish painter who lived about 1490, was a pupil of Quentin Matsys of Antwerp. He painted two pictures of the “Judgment of Cambyses.” They were taken to the Museum of Paris in the reign of Napoleon I. Clajua, the Latin of Clai, which see. Clamengea, de, deh kli'md.Nzh'.or Clemangis, kli'- mdN'zhtes', (Math 1 eu Nicolas,) a French theologian, was born at Clamenges, near Chalons, about 1360. He was chosen rector of the University of Paris in 1393. Among his works (in Latin) is one “On the Corrupt State of the Church.” He wrote an elegant style, and had as high a reputation as any writer of that age. Died about 1440. See Adolphe Muntz, “ N. de Ctemangi*: sa Vie el se* £erits,” 1846; Cave, “Scriptoruin ecclesiasticoruno Lileraria Historia.” Clam-Martinitz or Clam-Martinicz, klim-mi*- tee'nitz, (Karl Joseph,) Count, an Austrian general, born at Prague in 1792. He accompanied Napoleon to Elba in 1814, and was called to take part in the Con- gress of Vienna, (1815.) About 1824 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to St. Petersburg. He became first aide-de-camp to the Austrian emperor in 1835, and field-marshal-lieutenant in 1837. Died in 1840. Clan'cy, (Michael,) M.D., an Irish dramatist, wrote “The Sharpers,” (1737,) and other plays. Died about 1760. Clanricarde, klan're-kard, (Ulick,) Marquis of, and Earl of Saint Alban’s, bom in London in 1604, was the chief of the noble family of Burgho or De Burgh. He was appointed governor of Galway in 1641. In the civil war he supported Charles I. and held a high com- mand in Ireland. He died about 1658, leaving “Memoirs respecting the Rebellion in Ireland,” (1737.) Clap, (Thomas,) a clergyman, bom in Scituate, Mas- sachusetts, in 1703. In 1739 he was elected president of Yale College, to which he rendered important ser- vices. Died in 1767. Claparede, klt'pt'rid', Count, a French general, born at Gignac (Herault) in 1774. He commanded a brigade at Austerlitz, (1805,) and at Jena, (1806.) About 1808 he was made a general of division. He distinguished himself at Ebersberg, Essling, and Wagram, in 1S09, and was wounded at the passage of the Berezina in 1S12. He became inspector-general of infantry about 1S16, and was raised to the peerage by Louis XVlll. Died in 1811 or 1842. See De Courceli.es, “ Dictionnaire des Gdneraux Franfais;’ “Notice sur le Gdndral Claparede,” 1843. Clapisson, kli'pe'siiN', (Louis,) a French composer of successful operas, was born at Naples in 1S09. Clapp, (Theodore,) an eloquent Unitarian minister, bom in Easthampton, Massachusetts, in 1792, graduated at Yale College in 1814. In 1822 he became pastor of a church in New Orleans, where he preached about thirty-five years, during the prevalence of many fatal epidemics. He published, in 1858, “Autobiographical Sketches.” Died in 1866. Clapp, (William W.,) Jr., an American journalist, bom in Boston in 1826, succeeded his father in 1S47 as editor of the Boston “Saturday Evening Gazette.” Clap'p^r-tpn, (Hugh,) Captain, a Scottish traveller and explorer of Africa, was born at Annan, Dumfries- shire, in 1788. He served some years in the British navy. In 1822, under the auspices of Lord Bathurst, he was associated with Dr. Oudney and Dixon Denham in an expedition to Timbuctoo. They arrived in February, 1823, at Lake Tchad, where Clapperton parted from Denham and pursued his journey until he reached Sac- catoo. From that point he returned homeward by the same route, and arrived in England in 1825. (See Den- ham, Dixon.) In the same year he was raised to the