Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    635/646 (page 621)
    nate him, in which he was encouraged by his superiors and by the Duke of Mayenne. Having been admitted to the palace as the bearer of a letter to the king, he stabbed him with a knife, on August 1, 1589. The as- sassin was killed on the spot by the king’s attendants. See Sismonui, “Histoiredes Franfais;” Dk Thou, Histoire.” Clement, (Jean Marie Bernard,) a French litera- te ur and critic, born at Dijon in 1742. He was noted for the severity of his criticisms and for his attacks on Voltaire, who surnamed him “ Inclement.” Among his best works are an “Essay on Tragedy,” and an “ Essay on the Manner of Translating Poets into Verse.” He also wrote satires and poems. Died in 1812. See Grimm, “ Correspondance. Clement, (John,) a learned English physician, born about 1490. In 1529 he was sent by Henry VIII. to attend Cardinal Wolsey, who was then sick. He trans- lated some Latin epigrams, and the “Letters of Gregory Nazianzen.” Died in 1572. Clement, (Julien,) a French surgeon and accoucheur, born at Arles, was patronized by Louis XIV. Died at Paris in 1729. Clement, kla'mSnt, (Knut Jungbohn,) a Danish linguist, born in the isle of Amram in 1803, settled in 1835 at Kiel, where he lectured several years. Among his works are one “On the Origin of the Teutons,” (1836,) a “Journey through Holland and Germany,” (1847,) and “The French and their Language,” (1848.) Clement, (Margaret,) an English lady and Latin scholar, born in 1508, was a niece of Sir Thomas More. Died in 1570. Clement, (Nicolas,) born at Toul, in France, in 1647, was assistant librarian in the Royal Library. Died in 1712. Clement, kl&'mftN', (Pierre,) a critic and dramatist, born at Geneva in 1707, was a preacher in Paris in his youth. In 1748 he began to issue a critical review, called “Nouvelles litteraires de France,” which he continued about five years. His criticisms are said to be judicious and liberal. He was the author of “ Merope,” a tragedy. Died in 1767. See Senebier, “Histoire litte'raire de Geneve.” Clement, (Pierre,) a French advocate of free trade, and a member of the institute, was born in the depart- ment of Var in 1809. He published in 1846 a “ History of the Life and Administration of Colbert,” which was crowned by the French Academy and followed by other successful works on French history and finances. Clementi, kli-mSn'tee, (Muzio,) a celebrated pianist and composer, born in Rome in 1752. At the age of nine or ten his skill was such that he obtained a place as organist in Rome. After this period he became a pupil of Santarelli and Carpini. About the age of thir- teen he went to England with Mr. P. Beckford, who made to his father a generous offer in respect to his education. He learned ancient and modern languages and various sciences, without neglecting music. At the age of eigh- teen he surpassed all his contemporaries on the piano, and composed his “ Opera 2,” which is regarded as “ the basis on which the whole fabric of modern sonatas for the piano has been founded.” In 1780 and 1781 he performed with great applause in Paris and Vienna. He played alternately with Mozart before the Austrian em- peror. In 1800 he became the head of a firm which was successful in the publication of music and the fabrication of pianos in London. Pie wrote “ Practical Harmony” and “ Gradus ad Parnassum,” and composed one hundred and six Sonatas. Died in 1832. See F£tis, “Biographic Universclle des Musiciens;” Tipaldo, “ Biografia degli ItaTiani illustri. Clementi, (Prospero,) an eminent Italian sculptor, born at Reggio. Several of the family were noted as sculptors before him. Many of his works are at Reg- gio, Parma, and Mantua. A monument to Bishop An- dreassi is called his master-piece. Died in 1584. He was styled “the Correggio of Sculpture” by Algarotti. See Vasari, “Lives of the Painters,” etc. Clementone. See Bocciardo. Clenard, kli'niR', Cleynaerta or Kleinarts, kll'- nlRts, (Nicholas,) a Flemish grammarian, born in Bra- bant in 1495. After he had been professor of Hebrew and Greek in Louvain, he was employed by John III. of Portugal to finish the education of his brother, who was afterwards Henry I. Died in 1542. His Greek Grammar (1530) had great success. Clen'nell, (Luke,) an English painter and engraver, born near Morpeth in 1781, was a pupil of Bewick the engraver. He worked in London, and painted history, landscapes, etc. Died in a lunatic-asylum in 1840. Cle'o-bis and Bi'ton [Gr. K/j'o,It and Biruv] were sons of the priestess of Juno at Argos, and once drew her chariot to the temple. Their mother having prayed that the goddess would reward them with the greatest of blessings, they fell asleep and never awoke. Cleobule. See Cleobulus. Cle-o-bu'lus, [Gr. KAzo/SouAor; Fr. Cl6obui.k, kli'o'- bul',] one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece, was King of Lindus, in Rhodes, in the sixth century B.c. He claimed a descent from Hercules. His favourite maxim, ’Apiorov fiirfxjv, inculcates “ Moderation in all things.” Another of his sayings was, “ Be swift to hear, and slow to speak.” His daughter Cleobuline was celebrated for her skill in enigmas and in poetry. See Fabricius, “Bibliotheca Gr.-eca,” Cldombrote. See Cleombrotus. Cle-om'bro-tus or Kle-om'bro-tus, [Gr. KAro/i- ftpoTo;; Fr. Ci.fioMBROTE, kl.VdN'bRot',] the fourth son of Anaxandrides, King of Sparta, was the brother of Leonidas, the hero of Thermopylae He commanded the army after the death of Leonidas, 4S0 B.c. Pausanias, the victor at Platasa, was his son. Cleombrotus I., King of Sparta, was the son of Pau- sanias, and grandson of the preceding. He ascended the throne at the death of his brother Agesipolis, 380 B.c. In 371 B.c. he commanded the Spartans at the battle of Leuctra, where he was defeated and killed by the The- bans under Epaminondas. He left two sons, Agesipolis II. and Cleomenes II. Cleombrotus II. was the son-in-law of Leonidas II., King of Sparta. By the aid of Agis and Lysander, he succeeded in deposing Leonidas about 243 B.c., and reigned for a short time in his place. Leonidas was restored, and his rival was exiled, about 240. Cleombrotus of Ambracia, a Greek Academic phi- losopher, drowned himself in the sea after reading the “ Phaedon” of Plato, in his eagerness to verify the doc- trine of a future state. Cleomede. _ See Cleomedes. Cle-o-me'des, [Gr. KAfop/di/c; Fr. Cl£omI:de, kli'- o'mid',] a Greek astronomer, whose birthplace, residence, and era are unknown. He is the author of an interesting treatise on astronomy and cosmography, entitled “The Circular Theory of the Heavenly Bodies,” (“KuxAot^ dcupta percupuv) He maintains that the form of the earth is spherical, that the number of the fixed stars is infinite, and that the moon’s rotation on its axis is per- formed in the same time as its synodical revolution. The refraction of light is noticed in this work for the first time. He ridicules the physical theories of the Epicureans, and often quotes from Posidonius, who lived in the first century B.C. His work has been printed several times. See Delambkh,” Histoire del’Astronomic ancienneFabricius, “ Bibliotheca Grteca;” “Nouvelle Biograpliie Generale.” Cleomfene. See Cleomenes. Cle-om'e-nes or Kle-cm'e-neS [Gr. KAco/rm/r; Fr. CLioMilNE, kliVmin'j I., King of Sparta, was the son of Anaxandrides, whom he succeeded about 518 B.c. Demaratus at the same time reigned jointly with him. In 510 he liberated Athens from the rule of the Pisis- tratidte, whom he expelled by arms ; but he afterwards made an abortive attempt to restore Hippias. In 500 he refused a large bribe offered to induce him to aid the Ionians against Persia. About 491 the Spartans sent him to punish the people of Aigina for giving earth and water as signs of homage to Darius. By tampering with the priestess of Delphi, he caused Demaratus to be de- throned. Herodotus says that he killed himself, in a fit of insanity, in 489 B.C. His half-brother Leonidas succeeded him. See Herodotus, “History:” Grote, “History of Greece;” Tmiki.wai.l, “History of Greece.”