Volume 1

The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
[1887]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The universal dictionary of biography and mythology / by J. Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Cleyer, kli'?r, (Anijrkas,) a German botanist, born at Cassel, passed some years in Java, and enriched the science of botany with his observations and memoirs. I)u Petit-Thouars says he visited China and Japan and returned to Europe about 1680. Cleyn, kiln, (Franz,) a Danish painter, born at Ros- tock, worked in England, and received a pension from James I. Died in 1658. Cleynaerta. See Cl£nard. Clichtove, kllK'to'veh, (Jossic,)a Flemish theologian, born at Nieuwpoort. He became professor of theology in Paris, and acquired a high reputation as a preacher and writer. His most popular work was an argument against Luther’s doctrines, called “ Anti-Lutherus,” (1524.) His writings were commended by Erasmus as “ uberrimus rerum optimarum fons,” (“ an abundant fountain of the best things.”) Died in 1543. Clicquot de Blervache, kle'ko' deh blSR'vish', (Simon,) a meritorious French economist, born at Rheims in 1723, became inspector-general of commerce in 1765. He wrote an “ Essay on the State of Commerce in France from Hugh Capet to Francis I.,” (1756.) Died in 1796. Clieveland. See Cleaveland. Clifford. See Cliffort. Clifford, (Anne,) Countess of Dorset, an English lady, eminent for her virtue, intelligence, and high spirit, born at Skipton Castle in 1589, was the daughter of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. She was married first to the Earl of Dorset, and then to Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. She built two hospitals and several churches. In the reign of Charles II. Sir Joseph Wil- liamson nominated to her a candidate whom he wished to be returned to Parliament for Appleby. In reply she wrote this famous letter: “ I have been bullied by an usurper, I have been neglected by a court, but I will not be dictated to by a subject: your man sha’n’t stand.” Died in 1676. See “Autobiographic Memorials;** L. S. Costet.LO, “Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen,” London, 1844 ; Hartley Coleridge, “ Lives of Distinguished Northerns,” vol. ii. Clifford, (Arthur,) an English writer, born of a noble family in 1778. He was author or editor of several works, among which are “ Carmen Seculare,”and “ State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler.” Died in 1830. Clifford, (George,) third Earl of Cumberland, born in England in 1558, was famous for his gallantry. He was often the champion of Queen Elizabeth in tourna- ments. In 1588 he fought as captain against the In- vincible Armada. He afterwards commanded several expeditions against the Spaniards. Died in 1605. See J. Barrow, “Memoirs of the Naval Worthies of Queen Elizabeth’s Reign,” 1845; Campbell, “Lives of the British Ad- mirals.” Clifford, (John,) Lord, called Black Clifford, an English warrior, notorious for cruelty, fought for the house of Lancaster in the war of the Roses. He was killed in 1461. See Shakspeare’s “ Henry VI.” Clifford, (Martin.) an English writer, published “Observations on Human Reason,” and other works. Died in 1677. Clifford, (Thomas,) eighth Lord, an English Lancas- trian chief, performed an important part in the war of the Roses. He was the father of the “ Black Clifford” noticed above. He was killed at the battle of Saint Alban’s in 1455. (See Shakspeare’s “ Plenry VI.”) Clifford, (Thomas,) Lord, an English politician, born in 1630, became in 1660 a member of Parliament, in which he distinguished himself. In 1668 he was chosen a com- missioner of the treasury, and in 1671 he with four others formed the notorious cabinet called the Cabal because the initial letters of their names happened to form that word. He was created Baron in 1672, and was lord treasurer for a short time, but resigned office in 1673. Died in 1673. Clifford, (William Kingdon,) an able English mathematician, born 1845, died 1879. Cliffort, klif'fprt, or Clifford, (George,) a rich banker of Amsterdam, whose name is rendered memorable by his connection with Linnaeus. Having a taste for natural history, he formed near Amsterdam a fine garden, with a rich collection of objects in natural history. When Lin- naeus was a poor student, he was employed to arrange and direct this museum and garden, which he described in his “ Hortus Cliffortianus,” (1737,) a richly-illustrated work. Clift, (William,) F.R.S., an English naturalist, born near Bodmin in 1775, was employed as artist and clerk by the great John Hunter. He liecame conservator of the Hunterian Museum about 1800. Died in 1849. Clif'tqn,(Francis,) F.R.S., an English physician, prac- tised in London with a high reputation, and became physician to the Prince of Wales. He translated several treatises of Hippocrates, and wrote “The State of Physic, Ancient and Modern,” (1732.) Clif'tpn, (William,) an American poet, born in Philadelphia in 1772. He left an unfinished poem, called “ The Chimeriad,” a “ Poetical Epistle to William Gif- ford,” and other poems. Died in 1799. See Griswold’s “ Poets and Poetry of America.” Climaque. See Climacus. Clim'a-cus, (Joannes,) [Gr. ’luaviajr 6 K'/j/laxor ; Fr. Climaque, kle'mik',]a monk, noted for his learning and ascetic writings, was bom about 525 A.D., and received the surname of Scholasticus. He passed many years as a hermit in the deserts of Sinai. In 600 fie was chosen abbot of the monastery of Mount Sinai. He wrote (in Greek) several works, one of which is called “ Climax, or the Ladder of Paradise,” and has often been reprinted. Died in 605. See Fabricius, “ Bibliotheca Grseca.” Clinchamp, kliN'sliSx', (Franqois Etienne Vic- tor,) a French writer and historical painter, bora at Toulon in 1787. He published a “Complete Course of Perspective, Linear and Aerial,” (1840,) and “ The Idiom of Painting,” etc. Cline, (Henry,) an English surgeon, bom in London about 1750, wrote an esteemed “ Essay on the Form and Breeding of Domestic Animals,” (1815.) Died in 1827. Cling'man, (Thomas L.,) born in Surry countv, North Carolina, was elected a member of Congress fn 1843, as a Whig, and was re-elected several -times. Having joined the Democratic party, he was elected to the Senate of the United States in 1858. Clin'I-as, the father of Alcibiades, was killed at the battle of Coronea in 447 B.c. Clinias, a Pythagorean philosopher, and friend of Plato, born at Tarentum, lived about 400 B.C. Cll-nom/a-ehus, [Fr. Clinomaque, kle'no'mik',] a philosopher of the school of Megara, was bom at Thu- rium, and lived about 350 B.c. Clin'ton, (Charles,) Colonel, the father of Gov- ernor George Clinton, was born in 1690 in Longford, Ire- land. He emigrated to America in 1729, and settled in Ulster county, New York. He was judge of the county court, and a lieutenant under Bradstreet at the capture of Fort Frontenac. Died in 1773. Clin'ton, (Charles John Fynes,) an English clergy- man, bom in 1799, edited or published “The Literary Remains of Henry Fynes Clinton,” (1854.) Clin'ton, (De Witt,) an eminent American states- man, born at Little Britain, Orange county, New York, March 2, 1769, was a son of General James Clinton and Mary De Witt. He was a nephew of George Clin- ton who was chosen Vice-President of the Unitea States in 1804. He graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1786, and studied law, but never practised it to much extent About 1790 he became private secretary of his uncle, George Clinton, then Governor of Ne^i York. “The life of Clinton,” says Renwick, “was from this moment one of political strife, into which he threw all the force of his ardent temperament and brilliant talents.” He began his career as a Republican or Anti-Federalist He married, about 1796, Maria Franklin, of New York City. In 1797 he was elected a member of the legisla- ture, and in 179S a Senator, of the State of New York. Among other pursuits, he applied himself with ardour to the study of natural history and other sciences. Having become the most influential leader of the Democrats of New York, he was elected a Senator o. the United States in t8oi or 1802. He made a powerful speech on the navigation of the Mississippi, and opposed a war against Spain, which disputed the right of the Americans to navigate that river. He possessed in high perfection the gift of commanding eloquence. Accord-
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