Service chemistry : being a short manual of chemistry and its applications in the naval and military services / by Vivian B. Lewes and J.S.S. Brame.

  • Vivian Byam Lewes
Date:
1906
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Service chemistry : being a short manual of chemistry and its applications in the naval and military services / by Vivian B. Lewes and J.S.S. Brame. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    41/710 page 19
    The following table illustrates the simple ratios of the volumes of different gases when they combine, and the volume of the products when gaseous:— 2 vols. of hydrogen + i vol. of oxygen =| 2 vols. of carbon] monoxide J [ I vol. of hydrogen + i vol. of chlorine =J 2 vols, of water (vapour). 2 vols. of carbon dioxide. 2 vols. of hydro- chloric acid. 2 vols. of nitrogen + i vol. of oxygen. Whilst on decomposition 2 vols.of nitrogen] monoxide J 2 vols. of nitrogen 1 _ ^ nitrogen + i vol. of oxygen, dioxide J , . . 1 r -i. f^vols.ofhydro- 2 vols, of ammonia = i vol. of nitrogen + Jf ^ I gen. We may now consider in conjunction with these the weights of the interacting bodies and the products, taking as a suitable example the two oxides of nitrogen. Composition of Composition of nitrogen monoxide. nitrogen dioxide. By weight. By vol. By weight. Nitrogen 7 2 7 Oxygen 4 I 8 It will be seen that nitrogen dioxide contains just twice as much oxygen by weight and by volume as nitrogen monoxide for the same weight and volume of nitrogen in each. In other words, when the number of atoms present has doubled, the volume has also doubled, hence there must be a very simple relationship between the volumes of gases and the number of atoms in these volumes. This relationship was first pointed out by Avogadro (1811), and although as originally stated it refers to atoms, for reasons we need not discuss here it is now stated in the following form :— “ Equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.”
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