Further review of certain persistent organochlorine pesticides used in Great Britain.
- Great Britain. Advisory Committee on Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals
- Date:
- 1969
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Further review of certain persistent organochlorine pesticides used in Great Britain. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![to endrin and endosulfan for controlling bulb scale mite under glass. Dicofol and tetradifon are often used for red spider mite control on flower crops, and there are many alternatives, including demeton-methyl, oxythioquinox, orthodibrom, diazinon and parathion; but nowadays the mite is frequently resistant to organophosphorus— and most other acaricidal—materials and in these circumstances it is desirable that a range of different materials should be available for use. Mushroom Flies were often controlled with BHC, but dichlorvos is now a popular | alternative, and diazinon is sometimes mixed with the compost or casing soil to control these flies. Malathion is also a useful alternative. Symphylids are soil pests which may damage a range of glasshouse crops, and which can be controlled with BHC, diazinon or parathion. Woodlice can be troublesome, especially in older glass- houses where they can survive in cracks in the brickwork and woodwork. Disinfestation may require substantial amounts of DDT. Gamma-BHC is an alternative where taint in later crops is not likely to be a problem, and other alternatives are parathion and Paris Green. 4.2.2. Summary of Glasshouse and Nursery Pest Controls. While routine pest controls tend to be applied to some glasshouse crops, such as cucumbers, roses, and all-the- year-round chrysanthemums, there are many crops which are only treated when the need arises: in a recent Advisory Service survey of the Lea Valley growers it was found that 75-80 per cent of the glasshouse growers seek a proper identification of incipient pests and diseases before applying control measures. The industry, at least in the home counties, seems to be restricting treatments to cases of real need. Certain glasshouse pests have developed resistance to some pesticides, and it is desirable that a range of different materials should remain available in these circumstances. 5. FORESTRY The Forestry Commission administers 749,000 acres (300,000 ha) in England and over 375,000 acres (152,000 ha) in Wales, of which a total of approximately 947,000 acres (383,000 ha) are forest land. The Commission holds about 1,000 acres (400 ha) of forest nurseries devoted to seedling production. In addition, there are about 520,000 acres (210,000 ha) of privately owned woodlands in England and Wales which are managed on economic principles. 5.1. Insecticides are used occasionally to control woodland pests. The most recent published summary (Bolton, 1965) indicates that BHC is used to control Bark Beetle infestations in log piles, and also in forestry nursery soils against Cockchafer Larvae. DDT is used as a transplant dip against Pine Weevil, and there have been occasional cases over the past 10-15 years when forest areas of the order of 1,000—3,000 acres (800-2,400 ha) have been treated with DDT against Pine Looper, the latest being a treatment applied to 350 acres (140 ha) in Scotland in 1957. 5.1.1. More recent data, relating to 1964-1966, have been collected by the Forestry Commission and cover the areas administered by the Commission in England and Wales. These data are summarised in Table 5.1.1, and do not include uses on private woodlands. The latter are being surveyed at present. 5.1.1.1. The Need for these Treatments. Aldrin was applied to less than 1 acre (0-4 ha) for Cutworm control in a forest nursery in Wales in 1964. BHC has mainly been used as a seedbed treatment, again in forest nurseries, for controlling Cutworms and Cockchafers. Small areas were sprayed with BHC for controlling Aphids and Pine Weevil, and some treatments were applied against Ambrosia Beetle. Apart from pine weevil, DDT was used against Shoot Beetles, Sawfly, Sand Fly, and Winter Moth. The big increase in DDT use in 1966 was mainly (780 acres [320 ha]) in the eastern counties.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b32173076_0132.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
