Further review of certain persistent organochlorine pesticides used in Great Britain.
- Great Britain. Advisory Committee on Pesticides and Other Toxic Chemicals
- Date:
- 1969
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Further review of certain persistent organochlorine pesticides used in Great Britain. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![beetle, millepedes, and symphylids, proved fruitless. Further work is in progress on the last two pests. 161. The use of DDT on these crops for combined aphid and mangold fly control is clearly declining and is being replaced by an increased use of organo- phosphorus insecticides and we recommend that DDT should be withdrawn for ~ the control of aphids on sugar beet and mangolds. However, there is no satis- factory alternative for leaf-eating beetles and cutworms. In Scotland organo- phosphorus compounds have not yet replaced DDT for mangold fly control to anything like the extent in England and Wales. Almost all the sugar beet grown in Scotland is grown in eastern Scotland and about 3,500 acres (more than 40% of the total acreage in Scotland) were sprayed with DDT in 1966. TOP FRUIT 162. APPLES. Pesticides usage on apples is complicated by the need to control a range of pests present at different times of the season and to integrate such treatment with the use of fungicides. About 65,000 acres of dessert and culinary apples, out of a total of 86,000 acres in commercial orchards in England and Wales, were believed to have been treated with DDT in 1967. About 63,000 acres were treated pre-blossom, the remainder being treated only post-blossom. The main pests for which DDT may be used in commercial orchards are shown in Table 7. Table 7 Bud Stage Pests Pre-blossom Bud burst—mouse ear : . | Tortricids; aphids Green cluster . : : . | Tortricids; winter moth; aphids; capsid bugs Post-blossom Petal fall : : ‘ . | Fruitlet mining tortrix Fruitlet stages j e . | Various tortricids and codling moth 163. Pre-blossom pests. In 1967, DDT was used pre-blossom on 63,000 acres of apples in England and Wales. In the past, aphids have been controlled with gamma-BHC and DDT but systemic organophosphorus pesticides are normally used now and give better control. Winter moth and tortricid cater- pillars are well controlled by DDT but azinphos-methyl, phosalone, and carbaryl, are effective alternatives and the organophosphorus compounds also give some control of aphids. DDT sprays applied at green cluster also control capsids but although some organophosphorus compounds have been tested as alternatives, the results so far are inconclusive. There is some evidence that carbary]l is effective against capsids. 164. Winter washes were originally used to control many of the pre-blossom pests now controlled by spring sprays but use of winter washes has been declining in recent years and only 10% of orchards surveyed in 1967 were so treated. A general return to winter spraying is unlikely. 165. We conclude that there are now adequate pre-blossom alternatives for caterpillar control but these are more expensive. DDT is not necessary for](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b32173076_0044.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
