Volume 1

A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling.

Landois, L. (Leonard), 1837-1902. Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen. English

Date:: 1891

Credit: A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$15 That the normal red blood-corpuscles and other particles suspended in the blood-stream are not taken up in this way, may be due to their being smooth and polished. As the corpuscles grow older and become more rigid, they, as it were are caught by the amoeboid cells. As cells containing blood-corpuscles are very rarely found in the general circulation, one may assume that the occurrence of these cells within the spleen, liver, and marrow of bone is favoured bv the slowness of the circulation in these organs (Quincke). ^ Pathological.—In certain pathological conditions, ferruginous substances derived from the red blood-corpuscles are found in masses in the spleen, the marrow of bone, and the capillaries r^fJZ)7^.\~^i}i When the disintegration of blood-corpuscles is increased, as in anaemia (^tahel). (z) AVhen the formation of red blood-corpuscles from the old material is diminished, is ^^^'^^'^'l'^ ^i^er cells be prevented, iron accumulates within them ; it is also more 1 the blood-serum, and it may even accumulate in the secretory cells of the cortex ot the kidney and pancreas, in gland cells, and in the tissue elements of other or-ans. When the amount of blood m dogs is greatly increased, after four weeks an enormoul number of granules containing iron occur in the leucocytes of the liver capillaries, the cells of the spleen _bone-marrow,_ lymph-glands, liver cells, and the epithelium of the cortex of the kidney Th^ iron reaction in the last two situations occurs after the introduction of hemoglobin or of salts I J'^i: ' 1? [Glaeveck, v Stark.) In thrombi and in extravasation! of blood into the neighbourhood of living tissues, there is formed besides btematoidin, the body hsematosiderin. When we reflect how rapidly large quantities of blood are replaced after lieemorrhage and after menstruation, it is evident that there must be a brisk manu- lactory somewhere. As to the number of corpuscles which daily decay, we have in some measure an index in the amount of bile-pigment and urine-pigment resulting Irom the transformation of the liberated hemoglobin (§ 20). ^ ,xr?-..^^^,^^^2™^^^^ CORPUSCLES, BLOOD-PLATES, AND GRANULES - White Blood-Corpuscles.—Blood, like many other tissues, contains a number of cells or corpuscles which reach it from without; the corpuscles vary somewhat in form, and are called colourless or white blood-cor- puscles or leucocytes {Hen 'Son. 1770). Similar corjouscles are found in lymph, adenoid tissue, marrow of bone, and as wander- ing cells or leucocytes in con- y^J^k nective-tissue, and also between glandular and epithelial cells [so that their ubiquity is a marked feature, thus difi'ering from the coloured corjDuscles which nor- mally remain within the blood- vessels]. So that these corpuscles are by no means peculiar to blood alone. They all consist of more or less spherical masses of proto- plasm, which is sticky, highly refractile, soft, capable of move- ment, and devoid of an envelope (fig. 14). When they are quite fresh (A) it is difficult to detect 14. A, human white blood-corpuscles, without any reagent ; B, after the action of water; C, after acetic acid; p, frog's corpuscles, changes of shape due to amce- —yxxy lu 10 lhuiulul lu aeuect K^T'^r'*' ^'^^ coagulated the nucleus, but after they have blood ; F, elementary granules. ^3^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^^^ the addition of w^ater (B) or acetic acid, the nucleus (which is usually a compound one) appears; acetic acid clears up the perinuclear protoplasm, and reveals the presence of the nuclei, of which the number varies from one to four, althoucrh generally three are found. The subsequent addition of magenta solution caus^es tlie nuclei to stain deeply. Water makes the contents more turbid, and$