Volume 1

A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling.

Landois, L. (Leonard), 1837-1902. Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen. English

Date:: 1891

Credit: A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$2g CARBONIC OXIDE-HEMOGLOBIN. [SeC. 15. a solution of Hb by the action of potassic ferricyanide {Jaderhohn) or potassic chlorate iMal^hand) [or by adding to a solution of Hb a freshly-prepared solution of potassic P«™anga- na^ y n L^ben^^^ azobenzol, kairin, sodium nitrite, pyroga lie acid] ; and ^^l^.^^^'^J^^y ^^^^^^ bv alloxant n {Koioalewsky). It crystallises if defibrinated blood is shaken with aniyl nitute a,Kl the mahociany-brown laky fluid be allowed to evaporate slowly {Halhburton) If a tr^e of ammonia be added to a solution of metha^moglobm, it gives an alkaline solut on of metLmolbin which shows two bands like oxyha.moglobin, of which the first one is the tZt Ze^te^^^^^ towards the red. If ammonium sulphide be added to the meth«.mo- globin solution, reduced Hb is formed. rAction of Nitrites.—The addition of amyl nitrite dissolved in alcohol, or sodic or potassic nitrite to defibrinated blood causes the' latter to assmne a chocolate colour which, on the addition of ammonia, changes to red. The chocolate-coloured fluM shows oke well-defined band in the red, and less distmctly other three bands like methsemoglobin (Gamgee).] ,i n -r, FThe nitrites therefore form a compound with its oxygen inore firmly fixed than the O in Hboi so that larg doses of nitrites irrest the internal respiration and ^^'^^.P^^^^^T-• ^^^^^^ iTwever affected by the products formed in the blood during asphyxia while CO-Hb is not the melL'mo^^^^^^^ form^ed by the nitrites is reduced by these products to Hb, which as it passes through the lungs takes up 0.] 16 CARBONIC OXIDE-HEMOGLOBIN, POISONING WITH C0.-3. CO- H»mOfflol)m is a more stable chemical compound than the foregoing and is pi-o- duced at once when carbonic oxide is brought into contact Avith pure Hb or HbU, (CI. Bernard, 1857). It has an intensely florid or cha-ry-red colour, is not didiroic and its spectrum shows two absorption-Dands very like hose ^^0,, bu they are slightly closer together and lie more towards the violet (fi| 23, 3). Keducmg substances which aefupon HbO„ e.g., ammonuin sulphide or Stokes « «J^^.^ affect these bands, i.e., they cannot convert the CO-Hb mto reduced HI . If a 10 per cent, solution of caustic soda be added to a solution of CO-Hb, and heated, it lives a cinnabar-red colour; while, with an HbO solution it gives a dark brown Si-eenish, greasy mass. Spectrum analysis and the soda test enable one to d stingu sh HbCO, miled with HbO,. Oxidising substances [solution of potassic permanganate (0-025 per cent.), potassic chlorate (5 per oe«*-). dilute chlorine solution] make solutions of CO-Hb cherry-red in colour, whi e hey turn solutions of HbO pale yellow. After this treatment both solutions show t^abs ptZ-ba^ of nrethimoglobin, but those of the CO^Hb appear consider- ably later If ammonium sulphide be added, HbO, and CO-Hb are re-formed. Hb-CO EeactionB.-J/»&>d S»rf«r«(.;-Dilute the blood 20 th^^^^ On acoount Tf i? stLu CO-Hb resists external influences and even pntrefaction for a ong time and the two bands of the speetrnm may be visible after many months. Landois obtained lte Ä test a.H° speetroscopic bands in the blood of a woman poisoned «'gWj'™ riously by CO, and'^after great putrefaetion of the body liad taken plaee. [Stuhng has kept CO Hb in a stoppered bottle for five years without putietaetion taking place.] If CO or air containing it be inspired, it gradually displaces the 0, ^1™« i'' volume, out of the red blood-corpuscles, and death soon occurs ; 1000 c.cm mspired at once will kiU a man, A very small quantity in the air (^^^ - rimp) sumces, in freMively short time, to foni/a large quantity of CO^Hb. As ^ con with other gases (such as the passing of 0 through i for a ^^ry ^o^^J^^ gradually separates the CO from the Hb, wi h the formation of HbO * l^^ens that in very partial poisoning with CO, the blood gradually gets rid of the GO by the espiratory organs. It does not appear that any part is ^^dised into CO, in the organism. [CO-hsemoglobin, being a stable compound when once formed, circulates in the blood-vessels; but it neither gives up oxygen to he issues nor takes up oxygen in the lungs, hence its very poisonous properties.$