A manual of elementary chemistry : theoretical and practical / by George Fownes.

  • George Fownes
Date:
1859
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A manual of elementary chemistry : theoretical and practical / by George Fownes. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    496/602 page 508
    masses, -which when washed and dried become greatly reduced in volume. In this state it is singularly electric by friction with a spatula. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves abundantly in alcohol: the solution is highly alkaline to test-paper, and if sufficiently concentrated deposits the amarine on stand- ing in the form of small, colorless, prismatic crystals. Below 212° (100°C) it melts, and on cooling assumes a glassy or resinous condition. Strongly heated in a retort it decomposes with production of ammonia, and a volatile oil not yet examined, and a new body, pyrobenzoline or lophine, C42Hl6N2(?), which ap- pears to be a neutral substance, insoluble in water, soluble in boiling alcohol, and containing a large quantity of nitrogen. It is fusible by moderate heat, and on cooling becomes a mass of colorless, radiating needles or plates. The salts of amarine are mostly sparingly soluble; the sulphate, nitrate, and hy- drochlorate are crystallizable and very definite. Amarine contains C42H]gN2. TniosmAMiNE.—The volatile oil distilled from blac l mustard-seed, C8H6NS2, which has been already mentioned under the head ( f allyl-series, and which will be noticed further on, in contact with solution of ammonia, yields a com- pound having the characters of an organic base, and forming colorless, pris- matic crystals, bitter in taste and soluble in water. The solution does not affect test-paper. It melts when heated, but cannot be sublimed. Acids com- bine with it, but form no crystallizable salts: the double salts of the hydro- chlorate with bichloride of platinum and corrosive sublimate are the most de- finite. This substance contains sulphur; its formula is C8H8N2S2. It is the only product of the action of ammonia on the oil. Thiosinamine is decomposed by metallic oxides, as protoxide of lead, with production of a metallic sulphide and a new body of basic properties, free from sulphur, called sinamine. This latter substance crystallizes very slowly from a concentrated aqueous solution in brilliant, colorless crystals which contain water. It has a powerfully-bitter taste, is strongly alkaline to test-paper, and decompose-s ammoniacal salts by boiling. With the exception of the oxalate, it forms no crystallizable salts. Sinamine contains in the crystallized state C8TJ6N2,HO. When mustard-oil is treated with protoxide of lead or baryta, the whole of the sulphur is withdrawn, and carbonic acid and another basic substance pro- duced, which, when pure, crystallizes in colorless plates, soluble in water and in alcohol; the solution has a distinctly-alkaline reaction. Sinapoline, the body so formed, contains C14II12N202. Bases from Aldehyde. Tin alpine.—The crystalline compound of aldehyde with ammonia (see page 888) is dissolved in from 12 to 16 parts of water, mixed with a few drops of caustic ammonia, and then the whole subjected to a feeble stream of sulphu- retted hydrogen. After a time the liquid becomes turbid, and deposits a white crystalline substance, which is the body in question. It is separated, washed, dissolved in ether, and the solution mixed with alcohol and left to evaporate spontaneously, by which means the base is obtained in large, regu- lar rhombic crystals, having the figure of those of common gypsum. Ihe crystals are heavier than water, transparent and colorless. They retract light strongly The substance has a somewhat aromatic odor, melts at 11U r43°-3C) and volatilizes slowly at common temperatures. It distils unchanged with the vapor of water, but decomposes when heated alone. It is very sparingly soluble in water, easily in alcohol and ether. It has no action on vegetable colors, but dissolves freely in acids, forming crystallizable salts. Heated with hydrate of lime it yields chinoline. Thialdine contains C12H!3Nb4. A very similar compound containing selenium exists. Alanine.—This substance is likewise obtained from aldehyde. It wan discovered by Strccker. who obtained it in a reaction, which promises many
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