The organic constituents of plants and vegetable substances and their chemical analysis / by G.C. Wittstein ; authorised translation from the German original, enlarged with numerous additions, by Baron Ferd. von Mueller.

Date:: 1878

Credit: The organic constituents of plants and vegetable substances and their chemical analysis / by G.C. Wittstein ; authorised translation from the German original, enlarged with numerous additions, by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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$alcohol with beautiful purple colour, not in ether and oils, readily in solutions of the hydrates and carbonates of alkalies with deep yellow-red colour, precipitable by acids; in concentrated sulphuric acid blood-red. Cartliamus-Yellow. Is withdrawn from the safflower by water. Precipitate the aqueous liquid, acidulated by acetic acid, with acetate of lead; remove the white deposit, neutralise the filtered liquid with ammonia, decompose the dirty orange-yellow precipitate by diluted sulphui-ic acid, remove from the yellow filtrate an excess of sulphuric acid by means of acetate of baryta, evaporate the filtrate in a retort to a syrup, and withdraw the C. by absolute alcohol. This solution is to be evaporated under exclusion of the air to the consistence of syrup and mixed with water, whereby decomposed C. subsides and the unaltered C. remains dissolved. The solution is of a dark brown-yellow colour and of acid reaction, of a bitter and salty taste, decomposes readily, when allowed to stand or warmed in contact with the air, and throws down brown substances. Carven=C2o Hig. In the oil of caraway, besides carvol; is thin, limpid, of a faint pleasant taste and smell, has a density of 0861, boils at 173°. Carvol—C2o Hit 02, contained, besides carven, in the oil of caraway. Isolate from the crude oil by oft-repeated fractioned distillation, the part which distils at 225 to 230°. Limpid, thin, of the odour of carven, and of 0-953 density; boils above 250°. Caryopliyllic Aci(l = C2o Hu 03 -f HO. In the oil of cloves, besides a hydrocarbon isomeric -with oil of turpentine, likewise in the oils of pimento and of cinnamon-leaves, in the oils of Canella alba and Dicypellium caryophyllatum. It is usually obtained from the oil of cloves by heating wdtli ley of potash, whereby the hydrocarbon is volatilised; adding sulphuric or phosphoric acids to the remaining liquid and distilling the caryopliyllic acid. It is a colourless oil of the smell and taste of cloves and of 1-068 density, boils at 242° to 251°, has an acid reaction, dissolves little in water, readily in alcohol, ether and acetic acid. Its compounds are mostly crystallisable and, except the salt of baryta, readily decomposed by water and alcohol. CaryO])Iiyllin=C20 H16 02. In the cloves (from Eugenia caryop'hyllata). Crystallises in the alcoholic tincture in white, silky, spherically united needles, is without taste or smell and of neutral reaction, begins to evaporate at 280°, without melting, and sublimates completely; not soluble in water and sparingly in cold alcohol, but dissolves in boiling alcohol and readily in ether, little in diluted acids and in alkalies.$