Ophthalmovascular choke / by George M. Gould.

  • Gould, George Milbrey, 1848-1922.
Date:
1908
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Ophthalmovascular choke / by George M. Gould. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    Subjective. 1. The fading image,—according to the number of seconds U08] the image is held, with each eye singly, and with both co- operating. 2. Inability, with all the best ametropic corrections, to read, write, sew, etc-., except for an abnormally limited time. 3. Constant changes required in the position of the book, paper, etc., with frequent looking away from it, ceaseless ocu- lar movements, and even reading with some extramacular portion of the retina. 4. Exaggerated winking, approaching blepharospasm, the necessity of rubbing the eyes, etc. 5. Photophobia, conjunctival hyperemia, smarting, sensi- tiveness, excess' of tears, etc. 6. “ Nervousness,” restlessness, with many, often vague, psychic, and cerebral symptoms, becoming under circum- stances more severe and indescribable or even “ hysterical.” 7. The existence of one or more of these subjective symp- toms in one eye, or in both, in conjunction with a correspond- ing degree of objective vascular choking. 8. Unaccountable refraction-changes, the acute develop- ment of myopia, etc. Objective. 1. The existence of such crossings, crowdings, obstructions, sharp turns, etc., of the vessels, on or near the discs, as may prevent the free passage of arterial blood to the macular re- gion, or of the venous blood out of the eye. 2. Abnormally enlarged and engorged veins, or abnormally small or thin arteries. 3. Vessels manifestly collapsed, or partially empty after such crossings, obstructions, crowdings, or chokings, in the direction of the blood-currents. 4. Venous pulsation. 5. Abnormal stippling, or pigmentary changes at or about the macula, not to be accounted for by other causes. The prognosis, it must be admitted is not the brightest, but several important things may be said of it: