Report on protective inoculation against tick fever : an account of an experimental inquiry into its effect on cattle, and on meat and milk, together with some notes on protective measures other than inoculation / by FrankTidswell.

  • Tidswell, Frank, 1867-1941.
Date:
1899
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Report on protective inoculation against tick fever : an account of an experimental inquiry into its effect on cattle, and on meat and milk, together with some notes on protective measures other than inoculation / by FrankTidswell. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

    20/20 (page 16)
    This faulty treatment which creates a deluded idea of security, may originate from (a) the use of improper blood, or (i) a sufficient dose of blood not being administered. (fl) As previously stated, all blood used for inoculating should be taken from animals that have been thoroughly salted. It is further recommended that two or more susceptible animals, that have been ])reviously well handled, be set apart and inoculated with the blood used on each occasion. The tempera- tures of these animals should be taken daily while under treatment. A complete record of temperatures is thus obtained, which is of great value in ascertaining the efficacy of the blood used. {b) Failing to inject a standard dose (5 c.c.) of blood may be due to the following causes :— fist.) The apparatus not being in proper working order. This, however, is avoided by testing the apparatus immediately before operating, for leakage. The system of using a syringe of 10 c.c. capacity, while the dose injected is but o c.c., is good ])racticc, as it admits of the presence of a certain quantity of :iir or froth within the syringe without influencing the dose injected, so long as the syringe is worked in a vertical position. (2nd.) Inoculation being perlormed too hurriedly ; To check this the operator is advised to allow an interval of about ten seconds duration from the time of actual injection nntil tho withdrawal of the needle from the beast under treatment. If the pressure exerted in ejecting the blood from the syringe is great and the flow from the needle obstructed, a damming back of a certain quantity' of blood wdthin the rubber tubing of the apparatus occui’s. On withdrawing the needle this quantity of blood is lost, the loss being at the expense of the dose. This mishap is, however, obviated by raising the skin slightly, so as to form a space subcutaneously for the reception of the dose and by observing the interval just mentioned, which allows time for the pressure originating from the distended walls of tho rubber tubing to complete the injection. Ke-inocul.vtion Eecoxisiended. Experience has taught that, when inoculating large herds, a certain small percentage of tho animals treated do not react, and others exhibit symptoms of doubtful value. Consequently it is recommended that all cattle treated should be subjected to a second inoculation within four to eight weeks’ time from the first. In this manner it is hoped to bring about a reaction in those that previously escaped, and it is only with such animals that extra risk is involved. The second inoculation will not aftect those that reacted to the first, while a greater degree of protection may be conferred. The security offered by such procedure adequately repays the trouble involved. After Treatment. It is necessary to place the cattle immediately after inoculation in paddocks containing a good supply of grass and water, under the care of a reliable m.an, where they should be left undisturbed. It is not advisable to remove them until after the expiraticn of six weeks from the date of inoculation. JAS. DOUGLAS STEWAET, M.Ii.C.V.S., Glh January, 1895). Veterinary Surgeon to Stock Branch. Sydney; William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—1899.