Hints and suggestions on school architecture and hygiene : with plans and illustrations for the use of school trustees in Ontario / by J. George Hodgins.
- J. George Hodgins
- Date:
- 1886
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Hints and suggestions on school architecture and hygiene : with plans and illustrations for the use of school trustees in Ontario / by J. George Hodgins. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![ground. If earth is graded up against the sills they will inevitably rot in [time. The space, therefore, between the sills and the ground might] be filled in with sawed sheeting, [such as shown in this illustration (fig. 17). Any other pattern can be chosen]. Fig. 17.—Sawed Sheeting for Foundation Course. (c) “The piers of a frame building without cellarage should be very substantial, 18 inches square, if of rubble stone, or 12 by 12, if of brick. The 8 by 12 or 8 by 8 brick piers commonly used begin to bend in a few years. Wooden posts may with advantage and economy in many cases be made of spruce lumber [soaked in tar or other timber preservative] (d) “ Whatever kind of basement is adopted, ample openings for ventilation should be provided. It is true that a well aired cellar, unless there is a furnace in it, makes it necessary to plaster the cellar ceiling or to lay the upper floors double, to prevent them from being intolerably cold in winter ; but this is only part of the price which must be paid for a wholesome and enduring structure. 2. The Walls above the basement will be of brick, stone, or wood, according to circumstances. “Solid brick walls of the required height may be 12 or even 8 inches thick, and must be furred with wooden strips 1 by 2 inches, nailed to the inside, and these strips lathed and plastered, the air spaces thus formed between the plastering and the inner surface of the wall being necessary to keep external dampness from penetrating into the room. Stone walls must be at least 10 inches thick, and the roughness of their inner surface rendering it impossible to nail furring strips to them, independent studding must be set up inside, precisely as in the case of a frame building, and this lathed and plastered.” 99. As these furred walls are dangerous, when fire occurs, in con¬ veying sparks and flame from the basement to the roof, the writer very properly says that— (а) “The onty effectual remedy for these evils lies in the use of hollow walls, of brick throughout or with stone facing, as may be preferred, and such walls are by far the best to inclose school rooms. (б) “ Such a wall, of the height proposed, should be 16 inches thick, the air space being 4 inches, the outer wall 8, and lining wall 4 inches, and tied by continuous “ withs ” at intervals of about two feet. Each “ width ” is to be built with headers bonded alter¬ nately into the outer and inner walls. The corners should be built solid. (See Fig. 28.)](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30480449_0056.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
