The expression of the emotions in man and animals / by Charles Darwin ; edited by Francis Darwin.
- Charles Darwin
- Date:
- 1904
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: The expression of the emotions in man and animals / by Charles Darwin ; edited by Francis Darwin. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![believe to be of the highest importance in throwing light on our subject.13 All the authors who have written on Expression, with the exception of Mr. Spencer—the great expounder of the principle of Evolution—appear to have been firmly con¬ vinced that species, man of course included, came into existence in their present condition. Sir C. Bell, being thus convinced, maintains that many of our facial muscles are “ purely instrumental in expression ; ” or are “ a “ special provision 11 for this sole object.14 But the simple fact that the anthropoid apes possess the same facial muscles as we do,15 renders it very improbable that these muscles in our case serve exclusively for expression ; for no one, I presume, would be inclined to admit that monkeys have been endowed with special muscles solely for ex¬ hibiting their grimaces.16 Distinct uses, independently 13 Since the publication of the essay just referred to, Mr. Spencer has written another, on ‘ Morals and Moral Sentiments,’ in the f Fortnightly Review,’ April 1, 1871, p. 426. He has, also, now published his final conclusions in vol. ii. of the second edition of the f Principles of Psychology,’ 1872, p. 539. I may state, in order that I may not he accused of trespassing on Mr. Spencer’s domain, that I announced in my f Descent of Man,’ that I had then written a part of the present volume : my first MS. notes on the subject of Expression bear the date of the year 1838. 14 f Anatomy of Expression,’ 3rd edit. pp. 98, 121, 131. 15 Professor Owen expressly states (fProc. Zoolog. Soc.’ 1880, p. 28) that this is the case with respect to the Orang, and specifies all the more important muscles which are well known to serve with man for the expression of his feelings. See, also, a description of several of the facial muscles in the Chimpanzee, by Professor Macalister, in f Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ vol. vii. May, 1871, p. 342. 16 [In the first edition the grimaces were described as “ hideous.” The author struck out the adjective in deference to a critic in the f Athenseum,’ Nov. 9, 1872, p. 591, who does “not see what the “ hideousness of the grimaces has to do with a question that has no “ connexion with beauty.”]](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b31346686_0019.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
