Mr. Elbert Hubbard on vaccination : a critical examination : a special article / [Kenneth W. Millican].
- Millican, Kenneth William, 1853-1915.
- Date:
- [1907]
Licence: In copyright
Credit: Mr. Elbert Hubbard on vaccination : a critical examination : a special article / [Kenneth W. Millican]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
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![Finally, the city of Cleveland20 had a severe epidemic of smallpox in the winter of 1900-01, and the spring of 1901. In May, 1901, Buffalo (which is near East Aurora, N. Y.) threatened to quarantine Cleveland, and vigorous meas- ures including vaccination were at once taken, so that by the end of July smallpox was all but stamped out. On July 20, 1901, Dr. Martin Friedrich was appointed health officer. He “announced that vaccination would be aban- doned therafter by his department, and that re- liance would be placed on general sanitation and disinfection.” “This announcement [was ‘to show to the world what could be done in a case of a smallpox epidemic with disinfection with formaldehyde,’ and] was made when there was practically no smallpox in the city of Cleveland, at a period of the year when, as a rule, outbreaks of smallpox are not looked for, and at a time following a long epidemic of smallpox, during which over 2,000 persons had been attacked by the disease and several thou- sand vaccinated.” On July 29, 1901, vaccina- tion was entirely abandoned, thorough and complete formaldehyde disinfection, a crusade against dirt and all nuisances, and vigorous paving and sewerage were instituted, and quar- antine was as vigorously established as possi- ble. The smallpox continued to dwindle down until it had practically disappeared, the last case developing in the city on August 23. 1901. Dr. Friedrich claimed the credit for formalde- hyde and sanitation. In 1902, however, a fresh “111. State Board of Health. Bull. vol. ii. No. 7, November-December, 1906, p. 275.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2247982x_0064.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
