Microscopical morphology of the animal body in health and disease / by C. Heitzmann. With 380 original engravings.
- Carl Heitzmann
- Date:
- 1883
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Microscopical morphology of the animal body in health and disease / by C. Heitzmann. With 380 original engravings. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.
59/884 page 33
i is Liriiif/ Mdffir. Tlu' main stress is to 1)0 laid on my assertion tliat not tlic whole mass hitherto termed protoi)lasm is endowed with properties of life, l)ut only a part of it—the livinij^ matter j)roper. As I shall later on demonstrate, the livinjif matter ap})ears first in the shape of a solid, hoinoi«-eneous, ap})arently strnetureless <;ranule. wlii<']i by ji^rowinji:, by taking in liquid, and ))y splitting into a retieulum, becomes what has been termed protoplasm. Protoplasm^ there- fore, is oiiJi/ one sfii(/(' i)i the (JcrcJopiiirHf of Jiriiif/ matter, and by nt) means its exelusive api)earan<'e under the mi('ros('oi)e. The two main properties of living matter, motion and growth, are possessed by every, even the smallest, lump of living matter. The motion is relatively little marked in a solid lump, and becomes the more evident the more the living lump has split up into a reticulum, the more it has assumed the ai)pearance of *' protoplasm. Growth, on the contrary, is a marked property of every granule of li\'ing matter; on the increase of its size depends generation, formation of complicated organs and organ- isms, and new formation, so striking in inflammation and in tumors. All varieties of generation (see page 10) are due to a motion and growth of the living matter, while the protoplasmic liquid, probably nitrogenous too, a substance of secondary for- mation, is a carrier of nutritive and used-up material of the li\dng matter. The formation of basis and cement substance, and the process of secretion, furnish direct proofs of the significance of the protoplasmic liquid. Chemical Re-agents. Verj'- little is known as to chemical tests of living matter. Carmine solutions, as a rule, stain it, and this explains why the nucleus, which holds a good deal more living matter than the rest of protoplasm, is more deeply stained; the action of h^matoxylon (in alcohol specimens) is similar; chloride of gold renders living matter violet; but neither are absolutely rehable. Acids destroy living matter; consequently also acetic acid. The former method of bringing to view the nucleus by treatment with acetic acid simply destroyed the rest, due to the fact that the bidky formations of the nucleus resist the action of acetic acid more than the scattered formations in the protoplasm. This re-agent has scarcely any value. The dif- ferent stainings of tissues l)y re-agents, especially combinations of indigo, picric acid, and aniline colors, are caused by a differ- ence of the chemical products of living matter, rather than by a difference of the living matter itself. 3](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21219163_0059.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
