Protoplasm : its definition, chemistry and stucture / by Gustav Mann.
- Gustav Mann
- Date:
- 1906
Licence: In copyright
Credit: Protoplasm : its definition, chemistry and stucture / by Gustav Mann. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
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![positive, it place is taken by the acid hydrogen-ion of water; if the weaker ion of the solute is electro-negative, then it is replaced by the alkaline hydroxyl-ion of water. Thus corro- sive sublimate and water, or sodium carbonate and water, behave as follows: NaCl + xH^O [NaOH] + 2IV -f- 2CI' Na,C03-h A-H.p [H2CO3] + Na°-I-OH'. 4. The substance, being composed of two feeble radicals, forms with the solvent a hydrate which is only capable of undergoing complete dissociation if along with this substance another salt is present, by the dissociation of which either acid hydrogen- or alkaline hydroxyl-ions are liberated. See below, and also footnote on p. 26. Electrolyte.—An electrolyte is defined by Arrhenius' as a substance which imparts to water, which itself is a non-con- ductor, the power of allowing an electric current to pass through it, in virtue of the substance being in a state of electrical dissociation or ionisation, their being formed, while no current is passing, two sets of ions, the one having an electro-negative, the other an electro-positive charge. Hydrolyte.—-If only one of the components of a salt be- comes an ion, while the other component transfers its positive charge to a hydrogen atom of the water, and thereby converts the later into the acid hydrogen-ion, H°, or its negative charge to the hydroxyl group, OH, of water, and thereby changes the latter into the alkaline hydroxyl-ion, OH', then the salt is said to undergo hydrolytic dissociation, and substances behaving in this manner may be termed hydrolytes. Examples of electrolytes and hydrolytes have been given under Nos. 2 and 3 in the previous paragraph on ‘ solution.’ Colloid.—This term was introduced by Thomas Graham ^ in 1861 for certain substances which differ from ‘crystalloids’ in diffusing very slowly in water, in being unable to pass tlirough animal bladders and vegetable parchment, and in not * S. Arrhenius, Zeit. f. phy&ik. Chem. 1. 631 (1889). * Thomas Graham, Phil. Trans. 161. 183 and 373 (1861).](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b22471303_0028.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
