Volume 1

Essays upon heredity and kindred biological problems / by August Weismann ; edited by Edward B. Poulton, Selmar Schönland, and Arthur E. Shipley, authorized translation.

  • Shipley A. E. (Arthur Everett), Sir, 1861-1927.
Date:
1891-1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Essays upon heredity and kindred biological problems / by August Weismann ; edited by Edward B. Poulton, Selmar Schönland, and Arthur E. Shipley, authorized translation. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

    457/502 (page 439)
    the Isle of Man is mentioned in the first edition of ' The Origin of Species'; of course I am referring to Darwin's work, and not to the above-mentioned book of the same name, by Prof. Eimer. As to the first origin of the tailless Manx breed we know no more than about the origin of that remarkable race of cats with supernumerary toes, which E. B. Poulton has recently described from Oxford, and has traced through several genera- tions ^ These are innate monstrosities which have arisen from unknown changes in the germ. Similar monstrosities have been known for a long time, and no one has ever doubted that they can be transmitted. It would be equally justifiable to derive the cats with extra toes from an ancestor of which the toes had been trodden upon, as to derive the tailless cats of the Isle of Man from an ancestor of which the tail had been cut off by a cart passing over it, and thus to regard the existence of the race as a proof of the trans- mission of mutilations. But even if it were certain that the tail of the mother cat had been mutilated, such a fact would not necessarily prove that the rudimentary tails of the offspring were due to transmission from the mother: they might have been transmitted from the unknown father. This is probably not the case with Dr. Zacharias' cat, for tailless kittens occurred in several families produced by the same mother; but in other cases the possi- bility of the possession of innate taillessness by the father must 1 [See ' Nature,' vol. xxix. p. 20, and vol. xxxv. p. 38. In the latter article nine generations are recorded, and in both articles figures of the normal and abnormal feet are given. Additional generations and many more families have been since observed, and an account of these observations will shortly be published in the same paper. The breed originally came from Bristol. In the observations recorded, the ab- normality of the offspring is an indication of the hereditary strength of the female parents, while the degree of normality is a similar test of heredity through the male parents ; for the female parents were always abnormal, the male parents always normal. The most abnormal kitten observed possessed seven toes on each forefoot, seven toes on the right hind foot (^three more than the normal number), and six on the left hind foot. Kittens with seven toes on the forefeet and six on the hind were comparatively common, and all intermediate conditions between this and the normal were of frequent occurrence. Cats with extra toes are, I think, not uncommon in most countries, and the fact that the peculiarity is transmitted is also well known. The object of the investigation alluded to was to observe the transmission systematically through many generations.—E. B. P.]