A dictionary of practical medicine: comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures, and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different forms of life : with numerous prescriptions for the medicines recommended, a classification of diseases according to pathological principles, a copious bibliography, with references, and an appendix of approved formulae : the whole forming a library of pathology and practical medicine and a digest of medical literature (Volume 8).
- James Copland
- Date:
- 1834-59
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of practical medicine: comprising general pathology, the nature and treatment of diseases, morbid structures, and the disorders especially incidental to climates, to the sex, and to the different forms of life : with numerous prescriptions for the medicines recommended, a classification of diseases according to pathological principles, a copious bibliography, with references, and an appendix of approved formulae : the whole forming a library of pathology and practical medicine and a digest of medical literature (Volume 8). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
![culation, as well as to the brain, and thus gives rise to all the phenomena. Incubus may, there- fore, be justly placed in contrast with somnam- bulism, in which the power of voluntary motion continues, while the external senses are either suspended, or their impressions superseded by some internal train of ideas that engrosses the mind. Treatment.—This must be directed to a cor- rection and removal of the various causes of the disease. Exercise, and a regulated, simple diet are often all that will be required for its cure. Crude and indigestible substances are wholly to be avoid- ed, while the symptoms of acidity and flatulence are to be temporarily relieved in the usual way, by magnesia, alkalies, or ether. The exalted sensi- bility of the ganglionic nerves, if such exists, must be allayed by appropriate means, and the distension of the alimentary canal by flatus guarded against. In most cases there exists great torpor of the skin, and it is of the first im- portance that this should be obviated by frequent friction, baths, &c.; a weak infusion of warm chamomile tea, taken on going to bed, will gen- erally prevent an attack in those predisposed to the disease. Frictions over the region of the pylorus with the hand, warmth to the abdomen, warm baths, stimulating enemata, &c, have also been ■ recommended. Any hope of permanent cure, however, must, as in most other chronic ailments, be founded rather on hygienic than pharmaceutical remedies.] Biblioo. and Refer.—Hippocrates, Ilepi ivmrviuyv, Op., p. 375.—Galenus, De Dignotione ex Insomniis, op., t. iv.—Avicenna, Canon., 1. I, fen. 2, doct. 2, cap. 13. — H. Cardanus, Somniorum Synesiorum omnis Generis In- somnia explicantes, 1. iv., 4to. Basil., 1585.—/. Horsti- us, De Natura, Differentiis et Causis eorum qui Dormi- entes ambulant, &c, 8vo. Leips., 1593, vide Halter, Biblioth. Med. Pract.,vol. ii.,p. 216.—T. Zwinger. Tabu- la? in Hippocratem de Insomniis, v. Comm. xxii., fol. Basil., 1579.—Labbe, Ergo pejor Vigiliarum quatn Somni Excessus. Paris, 1692.—Zacutus Lusitanus, Med. Pract. Hist., 1. i., n. 15.— Hoffmann, De Somnambulis. Hal., 1695, Opera Suppl., ii., 2, p. 230.—/. C. Scaliger, Com- ment, in Hippocratem de Insomniis, 12mo. Amst., 1659. —Ronssasus, Epist. Med., No. xix. {De Somno Meridi- ano).—Levada, In Mem. de la Societe des Sciences Phy- siques de Lausanne, vol. iii., No. xix. (Somnambulism from injury on the head). — Autenrieth, Physiologie, i> 1033.—/. Cheyne, Cycloped. of Pract. Med., vol. iv., 419. — R. Macnish, Philosophy of Sleep, 24mo. 1845.—E. Binns, Anatomy of Sleep, 2d edit., 12mo. 1845.—W. Phil- ip, Inquiry into the Nature of Sleep and Death, 8vo. 1834. — Wienholt, Lectures on Somnambulism, translated by Colquhoun, 8vo. 1845. — /. Braid, Neurypnology, or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep, 8vo. 1845. [Am. Biblioo. and Refer.—See Der Alp. Sein Wcsen und Seine Heilung. Eine Monographic, Von Moritz Strahl, <fcc, p. 253,8vo. Berlin, 1833.—Dr. C. J. B. Will- iams, in Cyclopedia of Prac. Med. Phil., Loa & Hlanch- ard, 1845, vol. ii. Notices of the disease will be found in the works of Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscoridcs, Collins Aurelianus, Paulus JEgineta, Forestus, Benedictus Fa- ventinus, Oribasius, JEtius, Wierius, Vesalius, Sylvius, Sinnertus, Zacutus Lusitanus, Waller, Doney, Adler, Walter, Simpson, Dallas, Schmidt, Rhodius, Johnson, Schenck, Loss, Good, Greehling, Hagedorn. Gremb, Bonetus, Highmore, Etmuller, Morgagni, Haller, and others.] SMALL-POX. — Synon. — Euphlogia, Rhazes. Variola, Sydenham, Boerhaavo, Sauvages, &c. Pestis variolosa ; Fcbris variolosa, Hoffmann, Vogel, &c. Synochus Variola, Young. Sy- nochus variolosus, Crichton. Emphyesis Vari- ola, Good. Petite V'erole, Fr. Pocken, Blat- tcrn, Kinderblattern, Kindspockcn, Germ. Va- juolo, Ital. Viruela, Span. The Pox, Scot. Small-pox, Engl. Classif.—1st Class, Febrile Diseases. 3d Order, Eruptive Fevers (Cullen). 3d Class, Diseases of the Sanguineous Func- tion. 3d Order, Eruptive Fevers (Good). III. Class, III. Order (Author in Pref- ace). 1. Definit. — Small-pox is the product, and is productive of a morbid poison or miasm, which, after a period, develops fever, followed by an erup- tion on the surface of the body, passing through the stages of pimple, vesicle, pustule, and scab, with other concomitant or succeeding affections; the disease running a determinate course, leaving marks in the seats of eruption, and removing from the constitution the susceptibility of another at- tack. 2. I. Historical Sketch.—The term variola is probably of monkish origin, it being the dimin- utive of varus, a pimple. The term pock is of Saxon origin, and signifies a bag or pouch. The epithets petite in France, and small in England, were added soon after the appearance of syphilis, or the grand or great pox, in Europe, in 1498. In Scotland the word pox is still used without the prefix. 3. Dr. Hahn endeavoured to prove, early in the last century, that the Greeks and Romans were acquainted with small-pox ; and, much more recently, Dr. Willan and Dr. Baron have fol- lowed in the same track. Rhazes, who was the first accurately to describe this malady, was also the first to refer to the writings of Galen in proof of its having been known to the Greeks; but, as Dr. Greeniiill has shown, in his able notes to his admirable translation of Rhazes, the lovdoc of Galen was not small-pox, but the acne of modern authors. Mr. Moore has striven to show that small-pox was known in China and Hindostan, even before the time of Hippocrates. Dr. Gregory remarks, that he is incredulous of this having been the fact, and that he is borne out in this skepticism by the opinions of Dr. Friend, Dr. Mead, and many other physicians of great learning, and equally indefatigable in re- search. It is not, however, improbable that the disease may have appeared or prevailed in China and other adjoining countries very long before it was known in Arabia or Syria, and that it may have taken even a much longer period to have extended from the former to the latter countries than it took to reach the western parts of Europe. 4. That small-pox was not known to either Greek or Arabian writers early in the 6th cen- tury, is manifest from the circumstance of no mention having been made of it in the work of Alexander Trallianus, in which all the dis- eases then known are briefly described. Dr. Gregory, in his very excellent work on Erup- tive Fevers, remarks, that the first notice of a disease which looks like small-pox is to be found in a chapter of Procopius, ' De Bello Persico' (lib. ii., c. 22), where he describes a dreadful pes- tilence which began at Pelusium, in Egypt, about the year 544. But I cannot agree with this view ; for Procopius states that malady to have been attended by buboes and carbuncles, which, with the other particulars mentioned by him, point rather to the plague than to small-pox. Dr. Gregory, however, adds, that whether this dis- ease was small-pox or not, may be doubted ; but certainly within a short time afterward very un- equivocal traces of small-pox are to be met with in the countries bordering on the Red Sea, for we read of caliphs and caliph's daughters being pitted.—(Op. cit., p. 35.)](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21111066_0031.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
