Behavior synthesis through pigment gene pleiotropy : reprints and essays / Clyde E. Keeler.

  • Keeler, Clyde E. (Clyde Edgar), 1900-1994.
Date:
1968
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Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Credit: Behavior synthesis through pigment gene pleiotropy : reprints and essays / Clyde E. Keeler. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    ALIÌh\ISM~-C(Jt^'jai\Ly и KLLÍLER tribal lenders лгс awnre ol their physical handicaps and usually assign duties commensurate with their physical abilities. In tliree cases the external exaiv.ination revealed no head tilting or face turning to compensate for the strabismus. Subsequent examination of photogra])hs makes this fmding subject to doubt. These photographs reveal varying degrees of tilting or turning in all cases. The erect posi¬ tion may have been assumed in an effort to aid in the eye examination. Ocular mo'iÜty was restricted in all of the albinos except the albino in Pair 2. 'l']-)is man was better developed physically and engaged in daily calisthenics. He had a lower degree oí esotropia but all of the other findings were consistent with the albinos as a group. In the other five albinos there appeared to be a paralysis of both lateral rectus muscles. Nystagmus was present in all cases and was of the ocular or fixa¬ tion type with lateral movement of varying intensity. At the time of examination tiiis was reported to occur in the Moon-childrcn at birth before foveal fixation could possibly be attempted. This led to some speculation and question about neurological defects. Hov/ever, it has since been reported to C.E.K, by a Cuna woman having four albino children, that the nystagmus begins at about the age of one month. Photophobia was present but was of little concern to the albinos. They accepted it as a nuisance and had adjusted to this defect. The albino iris is of a light grey blue color with a brown pigment ring in the pupillary area and with radiating brown streaks in the ciliary area, l^his is contrasted with the ridi chocolate brown of the control group. Transillumination of the globe caused the albino iris to take on a typical pink glow. Slit-lamp examination revealed a pale blue (with brown previously noted) iris which appeared 'o be îiiin and gave the illusion that one could almost see through it. Tl^e fundi of the six Moon-c'nildren were all typically albino with chroidal vessels seen clearly. Patches of white sclera were visible between the vessels, Л * • with a more red area where the macula would normally be located. In no case was a normal macular area observed. The optic nerve head was visualized in all cases, but appeared clearer in some due to the nature of the refractive errors and tlie nystagmus. One albino was found to have a severe color vision defect. Ите test used was A.O. H-R-R Pseudoisochromatic Plates, 1957 Edition. The nature of the refractive errors caused the albinos to hold the charts about six inches from the eyes. Those having normal color vision ap¬ peared to have no difficulty seeing the characters. All six of the albinos were severely myopic. This api^ears to be 323