A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).
- Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
- Date:
- 1819
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
132/1196
![ABA ABA ABA To AB ALIEN ATE, ab-ale'yen-ate. o. a. [from abalieno, Lat.] To make that another's, which was our own before. A term of the civil law, not much used in common speech. Abaliena'tion, ab-ale'yen-a-shun. n. s. [Lat. abalienatio.^ The act of giving up one's right to another person; or a making over an estate, goods, or chat- tels by sale, or due course of law. Diet. To Aba'nd, d-band'. v. a. [A word con- tracted from abandon, but not now in use. See Abandon.] To forsake. They stronger are Than they which sought at first their helping hand, And Vortiger enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser's Fairy Queen, b. ii. cant. 10. To ABA'NDON, a-ban'dun. v. a. [Fr. abandonner. Derived, according to Me- nage, from the Italian abandonare, which signifies to forsake his colours; bandum S^yexillurn^ destrere. Pasquier thinks it a coalition of a ban donner, to give up to a proscription; in which sense we, at this day, mention the ban of the empire. Ban, in our own old dialect, signifies a curse; and to abandon, if con- sidered as compounded between French and Saxon, is exactly equivalent to dirts devovere.^ ). To give up, resign, or quit; often fol- lowed by the particle to. If she he so abandon 'd to her sorrow, As it is spoke, she never will admit me. Shakspeare's Twelfth Night. The passive gods hehold the Greeks defile Their temples, and abandon to the spoil Their own abodes; we, feeble few, conspire To save a sinking town, involv'd in fire. Dryden's JEneld. Who is he so abandoned to sottish credulity, as to think, that a clod of earth in a sack, may ever, by eternal shaking, receive the fabric of man's body? Bentleifs Sermons. Must he, whose altars on the Phrygian shore, With frequent rites, and pure, avow'd thy pow'r, Be doom'd the worst of human ills to prove, Unbless'd, abandon'd to the wrath of Jove? Pope's Odyssey. I. To desert; to forsake: in an ill sense. The princes using the passions of fearing evil, and desiring to escape, only to serve the rule of vir- tue, not to abandon one's self, leapt to a rib of the ship. Sidney. Seeing the hurt stag alone, Left and abandoned of his velvet friends; 'Tis right, quoth he; thus misery doth part The flux of company. Shaksp. Jls you like it. What fate a wretched fugitive attends, Scorn'd by my foes, abandon1 d by my friends. Dryden. But to the parting goddess thus she pray'd: Propitious still be present to my aid, Nor quite abandon your once favour'd maid. Dryden's Fables. 3. To forsake; to leave. He boldly spake, Sir knight, if knight thou be, Abandon this forestalled place at erst, For fear of further harm, I counsel thee. Spenser's Fairy Queen To Aba'ndon o'ver, a-ban'dfin o'-vur. v. a. [a form of writing not usual, per- haps not exact.] To give up to, to resign. Look on me as a man abandon'd o'er To an eternal lethargy of love; To pull, and pinch,and wound me, cannot cure, And but disturb the quiet of my death. Dryden. Aba'ndoned, a-ban'dund,362 fiartici/i.adj. Corrupted in the highest degree: as, an abandoned ivretch. In this sense, it is a contraction of a longer form, abandoned [given up] to wickedness. Aba'ndoning, a-ban'dun-ing. [a verbal noun, from abandon.^ Desertion, for- saking. He hoped his past meritorious actions might out- weigh his present abandoning the thought of future action. Clarendon. Abandonment, a-ban'dun-ment. n. s. [abandonnement, French.] 1. The act of abandoning. 2. The state of being abandoned. Diet. Abanni'tion, a-ban-ni'shun. n. s. [Lat. abannitio?^ A banishment for one or two years, for manslaughter. Obsolete. Diet. To Aba're, a-ba're. v. a. [abaruan, Sax.] To make bare, uncover, or disclose. Diet. Abarticula'tion, ab-ar-tik-u-la'shun. n. s. [from ab, from, and articalus, a joint, Lat.] A good and apt construction of the bones, by which they move strong- ly and easily; or that species of articula- tion that has manifest motion. Diet. fo Aba'se, a-base'. v. a. [Fr. abaisser, from the Lat. basis, or bassus, a barba- rous word, signifying low, base.] 1. To depress; to lower. It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye; yet with a demure abasing of it sometimes. Bacon. 2. To cast down; to depress; to bring low: in a figurative and personal sense, which is the common use. Happy shepherd, to the gods be thankful, that to thy advancement their wisdoms have thee abased. Sidney. Behold every one that is proud, and abase him. Job. With unresisted might the monarch reigns; He levels mountains, and he raises plains; And, not regarding diff'rence of degree, Jlbas'd your daughter, and exalted me. Dryden. If the mind be curbed and humbled too much in children; if their spirits be abased and broken much by too strict an hand over them; they lose all their vigour and industry. Locke on Educ. Aba'sed, a-ba'sed. adj. [with heralds.] A term used of the wings of eagles, when the top looks downwards towards thepointof the shield; or when the wings are shut; the natural way of bearing them being spread, with the top point- ing to the chief of the angle. Bailey. Chambers. Abatement, a-base'ment. n. s. The state of being brought low; the act of bringing low; depression. There is an abasement because of glory; and there is that lifteth up his head from a low estate. Ecclus. To Aba'sh, a-bash'. v. a. [See Bashful. Perhaps from abaisser, French.] l.To put into confusion; to make ashamed It generally implies a sudden impres- sion of shame. They heard and were abash'd. Milt. Par. Lost. This heard, th' imperious queen sat mute with fear■ Nor further durst incense the gloomy thundercr. Silence was in the court at this rebuke: Nor could the gods, ubash'd, sustain their sorereign's look. Dryden's Fables. 2. The passive admits the particle at, sometimes of, before the causal noun. In no wise speak against the truth, but be abash'd of the error of thy ignorance. Ecclus. I said unto her, from whence is this kid? Is it not stolen? But she replied upon me, it was given for a gift, more than the wages: however, I did not be- lieve her, and I was abashed at her. To&if. In the admiration only of weak minds, Led captive: cease t' admire, and all her plumes Fall flat, and sink into a trivial toy, Jit every sudden slighting quite abasht. Milton's Paradise Lost. The little Cupids hov'ring round, (As pictures prove) with garlands crown'd, Jlbasht at what they saw and heard, Flew off, nor ever more appear'd. Swift's Miscellanies. To ABATE, a-bate'.646 v. a. [from the French abbatre, to beat down.] 1. To lessen; to diminish. Who can tell whether the divine wisdom, to abate the glory of those kings, did not reserve this work to be done by a queen, that it might appear to be his own immediate work? Sir J. Davies on Ireland. If you did know to whom I gave the ring, And how unwillingly I left the ring, You would abate the strength of your displeasure. Shakspeare. Here we see the hopes of great benefit and light, from expositors and commentators, are in a great part abated; and those who have most need of their help, can receive but little from them. Locke's Essay on St. Paul's Epistles. 2. To deject, or depress the mind. This iron world Brings down the stoutest hearts to lowest state: For misery doth bravest minds abate. Spenser's Hubberd's Tale. Have the power still To banish your defenders, till at length Your ignorance deliver you, As most abated captives, to some nation That won you without blows? Shakspeare. Time that changes all, yet changes us in vain, The body, not the mind; nor can control Th' immortal vigour, or abate the soul. Dryden's JEneid. 3. [In commerce.] To let down the price in selling, sometimes to beat down the price in buying. To Aba'te, a-ba'te. v. n. 1. To grow less: as, his passion abates; the storm abates. It is used sometimes with the particle of before the thing lessened. Our physicians have observed, that, in process of time, some diseases have abated of their virulence, and have, in a manner, worn out their malignity, so as to be no longer mortal. Dryden's Hind and Panther. 2. [In common law.] It is in law used both actively and neuterly; as, to abate a castle, to beat it down. To abate a writ, is, by some exception, to defeat or overthrow it. A stranger abalith, that is, entered upon a house or land void by the death of him that lust possessed it, before the heir take his possession, and so keepeth him out. Wherefore, as he that putteth out him in possession, is said to disseise; so he that steppeth iu between the former possessor and his heir, is said to abate. In the neuter signification thus: The writ of the deraandment shall abate, that is, shall be disa- bled, frustrated, or overthrown. The appeal ahateth by covin, that is, that the accusation is defeated by deceit. Cowell. 3. [In horsemanship.] A horse is said to abate or take down his curvets; when, working upon curvets, he puts his two](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21133803_0132.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
