A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.

Date:: 1819

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Title Page

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$ABE the foremost part is divided into the epigastrium, the right and left hypo- chondria, and the navel; 'tis bounded above by the cartilago ensiformis and the diaphragm; sideways by the short or lower ribs, and behind by the verte- brae of the loins, the bones of the cox- endix, that of the pubes, and os sacrum. It is covered with several muscles, from whose alternate relaxations and contractions in respiration, digestion is forwarded, and the due motion of all the parts therein contained promoted, both for secretion and expulsion. Quincy. The abdomen consists of parts containing and contained. Wiseman's Surgery. Abdo'minal, ab-dom'me-nal, ? adj.Re- Abdo'minous, ab-dom'me-nus. $ latingto the abdomen. To ABDU'CE, ub-duse'. v. a [Lat. ab- duco.~] To draw to a different part; to withdraw one part from another. A ■word chiefly used in physick or science. If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the ob- ject will not duplicate; for, in that position, the axis of the cones remain in the same plain; as is de- monstrated in the optics delivered by Galen. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 20. Abdu'oent, ab-du'sent. adj. Muscles ab- ducent, are those which serve to open or pull back divers parts of the body; their opposites being called adducent. Diet. Abdu'ction, ab-duk'shun. n. s. [abductio, Lat.] 1. The art of drawing apart, or withdraw- ing one part from another. 2. A particular form of argument. ABDU'CTOR, ab-duk'tor.1^ «. s [ab- ductor, Lat.] The name given by anato- mists to the muscles, which serve to draw back the several members. He supposed the constrictors of the eyelids must be strengthened in the supercilious; the abductors in drunkards, and contemplative men, who have the same steady and grave motion of the eye. Arbuthnot and Pope's Martinus Scriblerus. Abecedarian, a-be-se-da're-an. n. s. [from the names of a, b,c, the three first letters of the alphabet.] He that teaches or learns the alphabet, or first rudi- ments of literature. This word is used by Wood in his Athene Oxonienscs, where mentioning Farnaby the critic, he relates, that, in some part of his life, he was reduced to follow the trade of an abecedarian by his misfortunes. A'becedary, a-be-se-da're. adj. [See Abecedarian] 1. Belonging to the alphabet. 2. Inscribed with the alphabet. This is pretended from the sympathy of two needles touched with the loadstone, and placed in the centre of two abecedary circles or rings of let- ters, described round about them, one friend keep- ing one, and another the other, and agreeing upon an hour wherein they will communicate. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. Abf/d, a-bed'. adv. [from a, for at, and bedr\ In bed. It was a shame for them to mar their complex- ions, yea and conditions too, with long lying abed: ABE when she was of their age, she would have made a handkerchief by that time o'day. Sydney, b. ii. She has not been abed, but in her chapel All night devoutly watch'd. Dryd. Span. Friar. Abe'rrance, ab-er'ranse. > n. s. [from ABE'RRANCY,ab-er'ran-se. \ aberro, Lat. to wander from the right way.] A de- viation from the right way; an errour; a mistake; a false opinion. They do not only swarm with errours, but vices depending thereon. Thus they commonly affect no man any farther than he deserts his reason, or com- plies with their aberrancies. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 3. Could a man be composed to such an advantage of constitution, that it should not at all adulterate the images of his mind; yet this second nature would alter the crasis of his understanding, and render it as obnoxious to aberrances, as now. Glanville's Scepsis Scientifica, c. 16. Abe'rrant, ab-er'rant. adj. [from aber- rans, Lat.] Deviating, wandering from the right or known way. Diet. Aberra'tion, ab-er-ra'shun. n. s. [from aberratio, Lat.] The act of deviating from the common or from the right track. If it be a mistake, there is no heresy in such an harmless ahei~ration; the probability of it will ren- der it a lapse of easy pardon. Glanville's Scepsis Scientifica, c. 11. Abe'rring, ab-erVing.410 fiart. [from the verb aberr, of aberro, Lat.] Wandering, going astray. Of the verb aberr I have found no example. Divers were ont in their account, aberring several ways from the true and just compute, and calling that one year, which perhaps might be another. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 12. To Aberu'noate, ab-e-run'kate.91 v. a. [a-verunco, Lat.] To pull up by the roots; to extirpate utterly. Diet. To ABE'T, a-bdt'. v. a. [from becan, Sax. signifying to enkindle or animate.] To push forward another, to support him in his designs, by connivance, encourage- ment, or help. It was once indifferent, but is almost always taken by modern writers in an ill sense; as may be seen in Abetter. To abet signifieth, in our common law, as much as to encourage or set on. Cowell. Then shall I soon, quoth he, return again, Abet that virgin's cause disconsolate, And shortly back return. Fairy Queen, b. i. A widow who by solemn vows, Contracted to me, for my spouse, Combin'd with him to break her word, And has abetted all. Hudibras, p. iii. cant. 3. Men lay so great weight upon right opinions, and eagerness of abetting them, that they account that the unum necessarium. Decay of Piety. They abetted both parties in the civil war, and always furnished supplies to the weaker side, lest there should be an end put to these fatal divisions. Addison. Freeholder, No. 28. Abe'tment, a-bet'ment. n. s. The act of abetting. Diet Abe'tter, or Abe'ttor, a-bet'-tur.156 418 n. s. He that abets; the supporter or en- courager of another. Whilst calumny has two such potent abettors, we are not to wonder at its growth: as long as men are malicious and designing, they will be traduc- ing. Govern, of the Tongue. You shall be still plain Torrismond with me, Th' abettor, partner (if you like the name,) ABII The husband of a tyrant, but no king; Till you deserve that title by your justice. Dryden'e Spanish Fii These considerations, though they may have no influence on the multitude, ought to sink into the minds of those who are their abettors, and who, if they escape punishment here, must know, that these several mischiefs will be one day laid to their charge. Addison. Freeholder, No. 50. Abey'ance, a-ba'anse. n. s. [from the French aboyer, allatrare, to bark at.] This word, in Littleton, cafi. Disconti- nuance, is thus used. The right of fee- simple lieth in abeyance, when it is all only in the remembrance, intendment and consideration of the law. The frank tenement of the glebe of the parsonage, is in no man during the time that the parsonage is void, but is in abeyance Cowell. Abgrega'tion, ab-gre-ga'shun. n. s. [abgregatio, Lat.] a separation from the flock. Diet- To ABHO'R, ab-hor'.168 v. a. [abhorreo, Lat.] To hate with acrimony; to detest to extremity; to loath; to abominate. Whilst I was big in clamour, came a man, Who having seen me in my worser state, Shunn'd my abhori-'d society. Shakspeare's K. Lear. Justly thou abhorr'st That son, who on the quiet state of men Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue Rational liberty. Milt. Parad. Lost, b. xii. I. 79. The self-same thing they will abhor One way, and long another for. Hudibras,p. i. cant. 1. A church of England man abhors the humour of the age, in delighting to fling scandals upon the clergy in general; which, besides the disgrace to the reformation, and to religion itself, cast an ig- nominy upon the kingdom. Swift. Ch. of Eng. Abho'rrence, ab-hor'rense. } rc.s.[from Abho'rrency, ab-hdr'r£n-se. 5 abhor.~\ 1. The act of abhorring, detestation. It draws upon him the hatred and abhorrence of all men here; and subjects him to the wrath of God hereafter. South's Sermons. 2. The disposition to abhor, hatred. Even a just and necessary defence does, by giv- ing men acquaintance with war, take off somewhat from the ablwrrence of it, and insensibly dispose them to hostilities. Decay of Piety. The first tendency to any injustice that appears, must be suppressed with a show of wonder and ab- horrency in the parents and governours. Locke on Education, § 110. Abho'rhent, ab-hor'rent.158 adj. [from abhor.~^ 1. Struck with abhorrence; loathing. For if the worlds In worlds inclos'd could on his senses burst, He would abhorrent turn. Thomson's Suwwner, /. 310. I. Contrary to, foreign from, inconsistent with. It is used with the particles/ro??* or to, but more properly with/ro?7z. This I conceive to be an hypothesis, well worthy a rational belief; and yet it is so abhorrent from the vulgar, that they would as soon believe Anaxagoras, that snow is black, as him that should affirm it is not white. Glanville's Scepsis Scient. c. 12. Why then these foreign thoughts of state em- ployments, Abhorrent to your tunction and your breeding? Poor droning truants of unpractis'd cells, Bred in the fellowship of bearded boys, What wonder is it if you know not men? Drydcn. Abho'rrer, ab-hor'rur.28 n. s. [from ab-$